Pediatric PT (IER Chapter 7)
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| Normal gestational period | 38-42 weeks
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| Babinski Reflex | Stroke lateral aspect of plantar surface of foot to get extension and fanning of toes (0-12 months)
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| Galant (trunk incurvation) reaction | Stroke along paravertebral line from scapula to iliac crest results in ipsilateral lateral flexion (0-2 months).
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| Moro reflex | Sudden extension of neck results in elbow & shoulder flex/ext/abd patterns. Test last because it may cause crying as well (0-4 months).
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| Primary standing reaction | Infant in supported standing responds by extending all joints of lower extremities. May interfere with walking if this reflex persists
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| Rooting Reflex | Stroking around the mouth results in head turning to that side with mouth opening (0-3 months).
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| Tonic labyrinthine reflex | Prone = flexor tone, supine = extensor tone (0-6 months). If this persists it may interfere with rolling
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| Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) | Head rotation causes extension of extremities on face side & flexion of extremities on skull side (0-5 months).
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| Pull to sit from supine | UE will flex & head will lag until 4-5 months.
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| Symmetrical tonic neck reflex | Cervical extension = UE extension & LE flexion; Cervical flexion = UE flexion & LE extension (6-8 months). If this persists, it may interfere with development of quadruped positioning & creeping.
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| Landau's reaction | If infant is held in ventral suspension = neck, trunk & hip extension (4-18 months).
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| Spina Bifida Occulta | No spinal cord involvement. May be indicated by a tuft of hair and/or dimple.
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| Spina Bifida Meningocele | Cyst with cerebrospinal fluid, spinal cord intact
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| Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele | Cyst with cerebrospinal fluid and cord involvement
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| Erb's Palsy | Involves C5-6, upper arm paralysis. Characteristic position is: shoulder adduction & internal rotation with elbow extension, pronation & wrist flexion (Waiter's tip position)
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| Klumpke's Palsy | Involves C8-T1, lower arm paralysis
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| Erb-Klumpke Palsy | Whole arm paralysis
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| Key words for Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy | Boys only; hypertrophic calves, progressive weakness from prox to distal; Gower's sign; max exercise may injure (overwork); night splints
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| Key words for Down Syndrome | Hypotonia; heart defects; hearing & vision loss; ligament laxity (especially atlantooccipital); Short, frequent feedings for energy consumption;
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