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| Accreditation | A process for officially authorizing, approving, and recognizing quality in health care education programs, facilities, managed care plans, and other health care organizations.
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| Administrative law | Enabling statutes enacted to define powers and procedures when an agency is created
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| Assumption of risk | A legal defense that holds the defendant is not guilty of a negligent act, since the plaintiff knew of and accepted beforehand any risks involved.
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| Beneficence | Refers to the acts health care practitioners perform to help people stay healthy or recover from an illness.
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| Bioethics | A discipline dealing with the ethical implications of biological research methods and results, especially in medicine.
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| Cardiologist | Heart specialist
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| Caveat emptor | let the buyer beware; the principle that the buyer alone is responsible for checking the quality and suitability of goods before a purchase is made
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| Certification | A voluntary credentialing process whereby applicants who meet specific requirements may receive a certificate.
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| Common law | The body of unwritten law developed in England, primarily from judicial decisions based on custom and tradition.
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| Comparative negligence | An affirmative defense claimed by the defendant, alleging that the plaintiff contributed to the injury by a certain degree.
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| Confidentiality | The act of holding information in confidence, not to be released to unauthorized individuals.
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| Consent | Permission from a patient, either expressed or implied, for something to be done by another.
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| Constitutional law | Law that derives from federal and state constitutions
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| Contributory negligence | An affirmative defense that alleges that the plaintiff, through a lack of care, caused or contributed to his or her own injury.
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| Defendant | The person or party against whom criminal or civil charges are brought in a lawsuit.
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| Deposition | Sworn testimony given and recorded outside the courtroom during the pretrial phase of a case.
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| Doctrine of informed consent | The legal basis for informed consent, usually outlined in a state’s medical practice acts.
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| Emergency | A type of affirmative defense in which the person who comes to the aid of a victim in an emergency is not held liable under certain circumstance
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| Ethics | Standards of behavior, developed as a result of one’s concept of right and wrong.
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| Felony | An offense punishable by death or by imprisonment in a state or federal prison for more than 1 year.
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| Fidelity | Being faithful to the scope of practice for your profession, as in role fidelity.
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| Fraud | Dishonest or deceitful practices in depriving, or attempting to deprive, another of his or her rights.
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| Health Maintenance Organization | A health plan that combines coverage of health care costs and delivery of health care for a prepaid premium.
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| Health Savings Account | Offered to individuals covered by high-deductible health plans, these accounts let these individuals save money, tax free, to pay for medical expenses.
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| Implied contracts | are those in which the conduct of the parties, rather than expressed words, creates the contract.
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| Informed contracts | Individual can give consent only after they have all the information.
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| Jurisdiction | The power and authority given to a court to hear a case and to make a judgment.
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| Law | Rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority.
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| Liable | Legally responsible or obligated.
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| Licensure | A mandatory credentialing process established by law, usually at the state level, that grants the right to practice certain skills and endeavors.
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| Litigious | prone to engage in lawsuits
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| Malfeasance | The performance of a totally wrongful and unlawful act.
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| Managed Care | A system in which financing, administration, and delivery of health care are combined to provide medical services to subscribers for a prepaid fee.
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| Misfeasance | The performance of a lawful act in an illegal or improper manner.
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| Moral values | One’s personal concept of right and wrong, formed through the influence of the family, culture, and society.
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| Negligence | An unintentional tort alleged when one may have performed or failed to perform an act that a reasonable person would not or would have done in similar circumstances.
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| Nonfeasance | The failure to act when one should.
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| Nonmaleficence | As paraphrased from the Hippocratic oath, means the duty to “do no harm.”
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| Open access plan | Subscribers may see any in network provider without a referral.
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| Plaintiff | the person bringing charges in a lawsuit
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| Precedent | Decisions made by judges in the various courts that become rule of law and apply to future cases, even though they were not enacted by a legislature; also known as case law.
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| Primary Care Physician | The physician responsible for directing all of a patient’s medical care and determining whether the patient should be referred for specialty care.
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| Prosecution | The government as plaintiff in a criminal case.
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| Protocol | A code prescribing correct behavior in a specific situation, such as a situation arising in a medical office.
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| Reciprocity | The process by which a professional license obtained in one state may be accepted as valid in other states by prior agreement without reexamination.
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| Release of tortfeasor | A technical defense to a lawsuit that prohibits a lawsuit against the person who caused an injury (the tortfeasor) if he or she was expressly released from further liability in the settlement of a suit.
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| Res iPas loquitur | Literally, “the thing speaks for itself”; a situation that is so obviously negligent that no expert witnesses need be called. Also known as the doctrine of common knowledge.
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| Res judicata | Literally, "the thing has been decided"; legal principle that a claim cannot be retried between the same parties if it has already been legally resolved.
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| Respondeat superior | Literally, “let the master answer.” A doctrine under which an employer is legally liable for the acts of his or her employees, if such acts were performed within the scope of the employees’ duties.
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| Statute of limitations | That period of time established by state law during which a lawsuit may be filed.
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| Statutory law | Law passed by the U.S. Congress or state legislatures.
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| Subpoena duces tecum | A legal document requiring the recipient to bring certain written records to court to be used as evidence in a lawsuit.
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| Subpoena | A legal document requiring the recipient to appear as a witness in court or to give a deposition.
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| Summary judgment | A decision made by a court in a lawsuit in response to a motion that pleads there is no basis for a trial.
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| Tort | A civil wrong committed against a person or property, excluding breach of contract.
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| Tortfeasor | The person guilty of committing a tort.
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| Veracity | Truth telling
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| Endorsement | is another process by which a license may be awarded based on individual credentials judged to meet licensing requirements in the new state of residence.
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| Registration | Similar to certification, individuals must meet certain educational requirements, as well as possibly successfully completing a nation exam.
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