Suspect Interviewing
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| What is the difference between saying ‘Interrogation’ versus ‘Investigative Interviewing’? | Interrogation elicits:
- Guilt-presumptive and confrontational
- Confession-seeking
‘Investigative Interviewing’ elicits:
- Information-gathering
- Humanitarian and non-coercive
- Rapport-based
- Mindful of further investigative
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| What is the Reid technique? | Interrogation technique intended to break the guilty suspect’s resistance to tell the truth.
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| What are the two phases of the Reid technique? | 1. Factual Interview (30-40 minutes)
2. Interrogation
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| What does the factual interview phase of the Reid technique entail? | Involves observing and interpreting the behavior of suspects during interrogation to assess their credibility and guilt. This component of the technique relies on the premise that deceptive individuals exhibit specific behavioral cues
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| What does the interrogation phase of the Reid technique entail? | -Themes of accusation and repeated accusation
- Usage of bluff or outright lies and deceit about supposed evidence
- Minimising the crime to gain confession in emotional suspects, and
- Maximising the evidence against the suspect for non-emotional ones
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| What are the main concerns of the Reid technique? | - Evidence obtained through trickery is not admissible in some countries
- Bluffing runs the risk of the interrogator being caught in a lie.
- Concerns that it could lead to a false confession
- Reliance on non-verbal is unreliable.
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| What is rapport good for? | - developing rapport facilitates communication and information elicitation
- elicit significantly more detailed and accurate memory reports from witnesses and suspects
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| What is motivational interviewing? | It is a directive, client-centered counseling style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence. The person is not an opponent to be outsmarted or defeated
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| What are the pillars of Motivational Interviewing? | Express empathy
Develop discrepancy
Roll with resistance
Support self-efficacy
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| What does the ORBIT model emphasize? | The ORBIT model emphasizes the importance of thorough preparation, effective communication, and evidence-based questioning techniques in investigative interviewing.
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| What does PEACE stand for? | 1. Planning and preparation
2. Engage and explain
3. Account
4. Closure
5. Evaluation
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| What is the goal of PEACE? | It is designed to promote a structured and non-confrontational approach to interviewing that respects the rights of the interviewee, encourages cooperation, and maximizes the quality of information obtained.
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| What are some of the Legislative Safeguards put in place by PACE? | - Requires contemporaneous recording of interviews to prevent coercion.
- Aimed at preventing false confessions due to coercive police tactics.
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| What does PEACE emphasize? | Emphasizes open questions, consistency checking, evidence disclosure, and challenge.
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| What is a major shift in in moving from interrogations to investigative interviews? | Focus on truth-seeking rather than confession elicitation.
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| Which tactics lead to higher no-confession interviews? | Usage of tactics like emphasizing contradictions, repetitive questioning, and challenging suspect's account
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| What does research suggest works best in an internegative interview? | - Previous studies suggested manipulative and persuasive tactics in UK interviews, but current research reveals ethical tactics prevail.
- Intimidation, minimization, situational futility, and maximization tactics rarely occurred
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| What is rapport-building? | involves establishing a positive and trusting relationship between the interviewer and interviewee. This is achieved through techniques such as active listening, empathy, mirroring body language, and demonstrating genuine interest in the other person
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| What is Social influence? | Social influence techniques involve subtly guiding the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of others through persuasion, compliance strategies, and interpersonal influence.
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| What are Some of the critiques against the PEACE model? | 1. Perceived lack of effectiveness in obtaining confessions
2. Difficulty in dealing with uncooperative or hostile interviewees
3. Potential for manipulation by skilled interviewees
4. Resource-intensive nature
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| What does PACE stand for? | Police and Criminal Evidence Act, which is a piece of legislation in England and Wales that governs the powers and procedures of the police in the investigation of crime.
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| What are the Key provisions of PACE related to investigative interviewing? | 1. Recording of Interviews
2. Detention Procedures
3. Prohibition of Coercive Tactics
4. Voluntary Confessions
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