chemicals & DNA
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| Who discovered that the amount of adenine in DNA always equals the amount of thymine? | Erwin Chargaff
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| Nucleotides are made of a sugar, a phosphate, and WHAT ELSE? | A base
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| What is a string of nucleotides that has information for making one trait? | A gene
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| DNA is made of subunits called what? | Nucleotides
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| What does each set of three bases found in deoxyribonucleic acid is a code for? | An amino acid
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| What is the first step in making a protein? | RNA copying DNA
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| What scientist made images of DNA by using X-ray diffraction? | Rosalind Franklin
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| A very strong acid is one which completely dissolves and has a pH value which is what? | A lot less than 7
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| What is a disease that is caused by a gene mutation affecting red blood cells? | Sickle cell anemia
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| What type of reaction has energy (heat)being released with the products? | exothermic
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| What type of reaction needs to have an overall input of energy with the reactants in order for it to occur? | endothermic
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| How does grinding a solid reactant to a powder help to increase a reactin rate? | it increases its surface area
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| What is the number two in the formula for water? | a subscript
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| What type of reaction is it when 2 or more chemical substances combine to form one new one? | synthesis
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| What type of reaction occurs when one chemical breaks down to several, such as H2CO3 --> H2O + CO2 | decomposition
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| Who was the first person to call an atom 'an atom', stating that it could not be divided into smaller particles? | Democritus
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| A solution with a pH of 2 is 10 times more acidic than a solution with what pH ? | 3
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| Which is true of a solution with a pH of 1 ? | Its a very strong acid
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| Who is one of the scientists credited with the most current atomic theory (electron clouds)? | Schrodinger
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| What is the normal pH of blood? | About 7
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| What is the value that is used to express the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a system? | pH
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| What might the terms "straight, branched and ringed" refer to chemically? | backbones of carbon in biochemicals
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| What does the information contained in our nucleic acid determine the order of? | Amino acids in proteins
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| If a substance is said to be 'alkaline', what does it indicates that substance? | It is basic, will taste bitter and will feel slippery to the touch
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| How many living Hominid species currently exist? | 1
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| What allows metals to bond? | A low number of valence electrons
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| Why can metal be shaped? | Metallic bonds
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| Why are substances referred to as 'hydrocarbons'? | Its made of hydrogen and carbon.
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| What type of biochemical compounds generally do NOT dissolve well in water? | covalent
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| Whatis one thing neutralization reactions between acids and bases will produce? | water
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| Brittleness is a characteristic one expects to find in what type of compound? | ionic
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| What is the general term given to a hydrocarbon which has double or triple bonds? | Unsaturated
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| What is the general term given to a hydrocarbon which has only single bonds? | Saturated
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| Which of the following will react with acid to produce hydrogen gas? | metal
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| Simple sugars are an example of what type of biochemical? | carbohydrate
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| What molecule makes a mirror copy of sections of DNA and then helps make proteins? | RNA
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| What is a change in DNA caused by random error called? | mutation
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| What biochemical is composed of amino acids? | protein
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| What is the stage at which a DNA molecule is split down the middle called? | replication
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| What base compliments adenine? | thymine
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| What term is given to an agent which causes a mutation? | mutagen
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| Within a nucleus, DNA is bundled into what structures? | chromosomes
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| Where are proteins synthsized in the cell? | within the cytoplasm, on ribosomes
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| What is transferred by a tRNA to the ribosome? | amino acid
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| What is the compliment to guanine? | cytosine
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| What is the complimentary DNA strand to TAGTCA? | ATCAGT
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| What is the complimentary DNA strand to ATCAGT? | TAGTCA
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| What is the complimentary DNA strand to ATATAT? | TATATA
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| What's the complimentary DNA strand to CGATCG? | GCTAGC
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| If an electron dot figure has 6 electrons showing, how many more does it need to fill its outer shell? | 2
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| If an electron dot figure has 7 electrons showing, how many more does it need to fill its outer shell? | 1
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| If an electron dot figure has 5 electrons showing, how many more does it need to fill its outer shell? | 3
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| How are electrons in an atom organized? | energy levels
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| What is the same within each group on the periodic table? | valence electrons
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| Why don’t noble gases normally form chemical bonds? | They have full outermost energy levels.
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| What is the charge of a sodium ion with 11 protons and 10 electrons? | +1
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| What is the charge of a chlorine ion with 11 protons and electrons? | -1
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| What is the name of the bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another? | ionic
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| What term regarding electrons immediately makes one think of COVALENT bonds? | share
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| T C A G C C A C C T A T G G A can code for how many amino acids? | 5
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| G C C A C C T A T G G A can code for how many amino acids | 4
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| T C A G C C A C C T A T G G A T T T can code for how many amino acids | 6
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| G G G can code for how many amino acids? | 1
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| A A A T T T C C C can code for how many amino acids? | 3
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| What shape does DNA take in a cell that lacks a nucleus? | loose loops
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| Who proposed the DNA model currently nearly universally accepted? | Watson & Crick
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| What is the term for a chemical substance which can change color in response to changes in pH ? | indicator
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| The fact that a chemical exhibits the property of 'high solubility' means WHAT? | it readily dissolves in water
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| When balancing equations, what is the only thing that you are permitted to change? | coefficients
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| Using DNA to identify who committed a crime is called WHAT? | DNA Fingerprinting
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| How many different subunits can be found within a DNA molecule? | 4
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| What word describes the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom ? | valence
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| What are the charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons are referred to as? | ions
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| What is the manipulation of individual genes within organisms by scientists called? | genetic engineering
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| What does a catalyst do? | lowers activation energy of a reaction
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| How many atoms are represented in the formula CaCO3? | 5
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| How many atoms are represented in the formula H20? | 3
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| How many atoms are represented in the formula NaCl? | 2
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| How many atoms are represented in the formula NaSO4? | 6
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| Na2(SO4)2 | 12
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| What is the material shaped like a double helix that determines inherited characteristics ? | DNA
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| A nucleotide is to a nucleic acid as an amino acid is to a WHAT? | Protein
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| mRNA and tRNA meet to make proteins at what organelle? | ribosome
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| chromosomes are found in what organelle? | nucleus
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| A mutation where one base is replaced by another base is termed WHAT? | substitution
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| A mutation where one base is omitted completely is termed a WHAT? | deletion
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| What is the term for making RNA off of the DNA? | transcription
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| What is the term for converting the 'nucleic acid language' into the 'protein language', which is effectively done by the tRNA? | translation
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| What does the tRNA do with amino acids? | transfers them to ribosomes
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