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chemicals & DNA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who discovered that the amount of adenine in DNA always equals the amount of thymine? | Erwin Chargaff |
| Nucleotides are made of a sugar, a phosphate, and WHAT ELSE? | A base |
| What is a string of nucleotides that has information for making one trait? | A gene |
| DNA is made of subunits called what? | Nucleotides |
| What does each set of three bases found in deoxyribonucleic acid is a code for? | An amino acid |
| What is the first step in making a protein? | RNA copying DNA |
| What scientist made images of DNA by using X-ray diffraction? | Rosalind Franklin |
| A very strong acid is one which completely dissolves and has a pH value which is what? | A lot less than 7 |
| What is a disease that is caused by a gene mutation affecting red blood cells? | Sickle cell anemia |
| What type of reaction has energy (heat)being released with the products? | exothermic |
| What type of reaction needs to have an overall input of energy with the reactants in order for it to occur? | endothermic |
| How does grinding a solid reactant to a powder help to increase a reactin rate? | it increases its surface area |
| What is the number two in the formula for water? | a subscript |
| What type of reaction is it when 2 or more chemical substances combine to form one new one? | synthesis |
| What type of reaction occurs when one chemical breaks down to several, such as H2CO3 --> H2O + CO2 | decomposition |
| Who was the first person to call an atom 'an atom', stating that it could not be divided into smaller particles? | Democritus |
| A solution with a pH of 2 is 10 times more acidic than a solution with what pH ? | 3 |
| Which is true of a solution with a pH of 1 ? | Its a very strong acid |
| Who is one of the scientists credited with the most current atomic theory (electron clouds)? | Schrodinger |
| What is the normal pH of blood? | About 7 |
| What is the value that is used to express the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a system? | pH |
| What might the terms "straight, branched and ringed" refer to chemically? | backbones of carbon in biochemicals |
| What does the information contained in our nucleic acid determine the order of? | Amino acids in proteins |
| If a substance is said to be 'alkaline', what does it indicates that substance? | It is basic, will taste bitter and will feel slippery to the touch |
| How many living Hominid species currently exist? | 1 |
| What allows metals to bond? | A low number of valence electrons |
| Why can metal be shaped? | Metallic bonds |
| Why are substances referred to as 'hydrocarbons'? | Its made of hydrogen and carbon. |
| What type of biochemical compounds generally do NOT dissolve well in water? | covalent |
| Whatis one thing neutralization reactions between acids and bases will produce? | water |
| Brittleness is a characteristic one expects to find in what type of compound? | ionic |
| What is the general term given to a hydrocarbon which has double or triple bonds? | Unsaturated |
| What is the general term given to a hydrocarbon which has only single bonds? | Saturated |
| Which of the following will react with acid to produce hydrogen gas? | metal |
| Simple sugars are an example of what type of biochemical? | carbohydrate |
| What molecule makes a mirror copy of sections of DNA and then helps make proteins? | RNA |
| What is a change in DNA caused by random error called? | mutation |
| What biochemical is composed of amino acids? | protein |
| What is the stage at which a DNA molecule is split down the middle called? | replication |
| What base compliments adenine? | thymine |
| What term is given to an agent which causes a mutation? | mutagen |
| Within a nucleus, DNA is bundled into what structures? | chromosomes |
| Where are proteins synthsized in the cell? | within the cytoplasm, on ribosomes |
| What is transferred by a tRNA to the ribosome? | amino acid |
| What is the compliment to guanine? | cytosine |
| What is the complimentary DNA strand to TAGTCA? | ATCAGT |
| What is the complimentary DNA strand to ATCAGT? | TAGTCA |
| What is the complimentary DNA strand to ATATAT? | TATATA |
| What's the complimentary DNA strand to CGATCG? | GCTAGC |
| If an electron dot figure has 6 electrons showing, how many more does it need to fill its outer shell? | 2 |
| If an electron dot figure has 7 electrons showing, how many more does it need to fill its outer shell? | 1 |
| If an electron dot figure has 5 electrons showing, how many more does it need to fill its outer shell? | 3 |
| How are electrons in an atom organized? | energy levels |
| What is the same within each group on the periodic table? | valence electrons |
| Why don’t noble gases normally form chemical bonds? | They have full outermost energy levels. |
| What is the charge of a sodium ion with 11 protons and 10 electrons? | +1 |
| What is the charge of a chlorine ion with 11 protons and electrons? | -1 |
| What is the name of the bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another? | ionic |
| What term regarding electrons immediately makes one think of COVALENT bonds? | share |
| T C A G C C A C C T A T G G A can code for how many amino acids? | 5 |
| G C C A C C T A T G G A can code for how many amino acids | 4 |
| T C A G C C A C C T A T G G A T T T can code for how many amino acids | 6 |
| G G G can code for how many amino acids? | 1 |
| A A A T T T C C C can code for how many amino acids? | 3 |
| What shape does DNA take in a cell that lacks a nucleus? | loose loops |
| Who proposed the DNA model currently nearly universally accepted? | Watson & Crick |
| What is the term for a chemical substance which can change color in response to changes in pH ? | indicator |
| The fact that a chemical exhibits the property of 'high solubility' means WHAT? | it readily dissolves in water |
| When balancing equations, what is the only thing that you are permitted to change? | coefficients |
| Using DNA to identify who committed a crime is called WHAT? | DNA Fingerprinting |
| How many different subunits can be found within a DNA molecule? | 4 |
| What word describes the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom ? | valence |
| What are the charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons are referred to as? | ions |
| What is the manipulation of individual genes within organisms by scientists called? | genetic engineering |
| What does a catalyst do? | lowers activation energy of a reaction |
| How many atoms are represented in the formula CaCO3? | 5 |
| How many atoms are represented in the formula H20? | 3 |
| How many atoms are represented in the formula NaCl? | 2 |
| How many atoms are represented in the formula NaSO4? | 6 |
| Na2(SO4)2 | 12 |
| What is the material shaped like a double helix that determines inherited characteristics ? | DNA |
| A nucleotide is to a nucleic acid as an amino acid is to a WHAT? | Protein |
| mRNA and tRNA meet to make proteins at what organelle? | ribosome |
| chromosomes are found in what organelle? | nucleus |
| A mutation where one base is replaced by another base is termed WHAT? | substitution |
| A mutation where one base is omitted completely is termed a WHAT? | deletion |
| What is the term for making RNA off of the DNA? | transcription |
| What is the term for converting the 'nucleic acid language' into the 'protein language', which is effectively done by the tRNA? | translation |
| What does the tRNA do with amino acids? | transfers them to ribosomes |
Created by:
schneiderw11
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