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chemicals & DNA
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Who discovered that the amount of adenine in DNA always equals the amount of thymine? | Erwin Chargaff |
Nucleotides are made of a sugar, a phosphate, and WHAT ELSE? | A base |
What is a string of nucleotides that has information for making one trait? | A gene |
DNA is made of subunits called what? | Nucleotides |
What does each set of three bases found in deoxyribonucleic acid is a code for? | An amino acid |
What is the first step in making a protein? | RNA copying DNA |
What scientist made images of DNA by using X-ray diffraction? | Rosalind Franklin |
A very strong acid is one which completely dissolves and has a pH value which is what? | A lot less than 7 |
What is a disease that is caused by a gene mutation affecting red blood cells? | Sickle cell anemia |
What type of reaction has energy (heat)being released with the products? | exothermic |
What type of reaction needs to have an overall input of energy with the reactants in order for it to occur? | endothermic |
How does grinding a solid reactant to a powder help to increase a reactin rate? | it increases its surface area |
What is the number two in the formula for water? | a subscript |
What type of reaction is it when 2 or more chemical substances combine to form one new one? | synthesis |
What type of reaction occurs when one chemical breaks down to several, such as H2CO3 --> H2O + CO2 | decomposition |
Who was the first person to call an atom 'an atom', stating that it could not be divided into smaller particles? | Democritus |
A solution with a pH of 2 is 10 times more acidic than a solution with what pH ? | 3 |
Which is true of a solution with a pH of 1 ? | Its a very strong acid |
Who is one of the scientists credited with the most current atomic theory (electron clouds)? | Schrodinger |
What is the normal pH of blood? | About 7 |
What is the value that is used to express the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a system? | pH |
What might the terms "straight, branched and ringed" refer to chemically? | backbones of carbon in biochemicals |
What does the information contained in our nucleic acid determine the order of? | Amino acids in proteins |
If a substance is said to be 'alkaline', what does it indicates that substance? | It is basic, will taste bitter and will feel slippery to the touch |
How many living Hominid species currently exist? | 1 |
What allows metals to bond? | A low number of valence electrons |
Why can metal be shaped? | Metallic bonds |
Why are substances referred to as 'hydrocarbons'? | Its made of hydrogen and carbon. |
What type of biochemical compounds generally do NOT dissolve well in water? | covalent |
Whatis one thing neutralization reactions between acids and bases will produce? | water |
Brittleness is a characteristic one expects to find in what type of compound? | ionic |
What is the general term given to a hydrocarbon which has double or triple bonds? | Unsaturated |
What is the general term given to a hydrocarbon which has only single bonds? | Saturated |
Which of the following will react with acid to produce hydrogen gas? | metal |
Simple sugars are an example of what type of biochemical? | carbohydrate |
What molecule makes a mirror copy of sections of DNA and then helps make proteins? | RNA |
What is a change in DNA caused by random error called? | mutation |
What biochemical is composed of amino acids? | protein |
What is the stage at which a DNA molecule is split down the middle called? | replication |
What base compliments adenine? | thymine |
What term is given to an agent which causes a mutation? | mutagen |
Within a nucleus, DNA is bundled into what structures? | chromosomes |
Where are proteins synthsized in the cell? | within the cytoplasm, on ribosomes |
What is transferred by a tRNA to the ribosome? | amino acid |
What is the compliment to guanine? | cytosine |
What is the complimentary DNA strand to TAGTCA? | ATCAGT |
What is the complimentary DNA strand to ATCAGT? | TAGTCA |
What is the complimentary DNA strand to ATATAT? | TATATA |
What's the complimentary DNA strand to CGATCG? | GCTAGC |
If an electron dot figure has 6 electrons showing, how many more does it need to fill its outer shell? | 2 |
If an electron dot figure has 7 electrons showing, how many more does it need to fill its outer shell? | 1 |
If an electron dot figure has 5 electrons showing, how many more does it need to fill its outer shell? | 3 |
How are electrons in an atom organized? | energy levels |
What is the same within each group on the periodic table? | valence electrons |
Why don’t noble gases normally form chemical bonds? | They have full outermost energy levels. |
What is the charge of a sodium ion with 11 protons and 10 electrons? | +1 |
What is the charge of a chlorine ion with 11 protons and electrons? | -1 |
What is the name of the bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another? | ionic |
What term regarding electrons immediately makes one think of COVALENT bonds? | share |
T C A G C C A C C T A T G G A can code for how many amino acids? | 5 |
G C C A C C T A T G G A can code for how many amino acids | 4 |
T C A G C C A C C T A T G G A T T T can code for how many amino acids | 6 |
G G G can code for how many amino acids? | 1 |
A A A T T T C C C can code for how many amino acids? | 3 |
What shape does DNA take in a cell that lacks a nucleus? | loose loops |
Who proposed the DNA model currently nearly universally accepted? | Watson & Crick |
What is the term for a chemical substance which can change color in response to changes in pH ? | indicator |
The fact that a chemical exhibits the property of 'high solubility' means WHAT? | it readily dissolves in water |
When balancing equations, what is the only thing that you are permitted to change? | coefficients |
Using DNA to identify who committed a crime is called WHAT? | DNA Fingerprinting |
How many different subunits can be found within a DNA molecule? | 4 |
What word describes the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom ? | valence |
What are the charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons are referred to as? | ions |
What is the manipulation of individual genes within organisms by scientists called? | genetic engineering |
What does a catalyst do? | lowers activation energy of a reaction |
How many atoms are represented in the formula CaCO3? | 5 |
How many atoms are represented in the formula H20? | 3 |
How many atoms are represented in the formula NaCl? | 2 |
How many atoms are represented in the formula NaSO4? | 6 |
Na2(SO4)2 | 12 |
What is the material shaped like a double helix that determines inherited characteristics ? | DNA |
A nucleotide is to a nucleic acid as an amino acid is to a WHAT? | Protein |
mRNA and tRNA meet to make proteins at what organelle? | ribosome |
chromosomes are found in what organelle? | nucleus |
A mutation where one base is replaced by another base is termed WHAT? | substitution |
A mutation where one base is omitted completely is termed a WHAT? | deletion |
What is the term for making RNA off of the DNA? | transcription |
What is the term for converting the 'nucleic acid language' into the 'protein language', which is effectively done by the tRNA? | translation |
What does the tRNA do with amino acids? | transfers them to ribosomes |