Chapter 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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| Structuralism | show 🗑
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| Functionalism | show 🗑
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| Psychoanalysis | show 🗑
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| Behaviorism | show 🗑
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| Humanistic Psychology | show 🗑
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| show | The study of the nervous system, especially the brain
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| Positive psychology | show 🗑
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| show | The application of principles of evolution, including natural selection, to explain psychological processes and phenomena
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| Culture | show 🗑
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| show | Branch of psychology that studies the effects of culture on behavior and mental processes
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| show | The belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others, and the related tendency to use one's own culture as a standard by which to judge other cultures
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| show | Cultures that emphasize the needs and goals of the individual over the needs and goals of the group
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| show | Cultures that emphasize the needs and goals of the group over the needs and goals of the individual
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| show | Cultures that emphasize the needs and goals of the g roup over the needs and goals of the individual
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| Psychiatry | show 🗑
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| show | A set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that guide researchers in creating questions to investigate, in generating evidence, and in drawing conclusions
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| Empirical Evidence | show 🗑
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| Hypothesis | show 🗑
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| Variable | show 🗑
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| Operational definition | show 🗑
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| show | The active process of minimizing preconceptions and biases while evaluating evidence, determining the conclusions that can reasonable be drawn from evidence, and considering alternative explanations for research findings or other phenomena
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| show | A branch of mathematics used by researchers to organize, summarize, and interpret data
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| show | A mathhematical indication that research results are not very likely to have occured by chance
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| show | A statistical technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of many research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends
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| show | To repeat or duplicate a scientific study in order to increase confidence in the validity of the original findings
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| show | A tentative explanation that tries to integrate and account for the relationship of various findings and observations
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| Descriptive research methods | show 🗑
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| show | The systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural setting
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| show | A fake or false science that makes claims based on little or no scientific evidence
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| show | An intensive study of a single individual or small group of individuals
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| Survey | show 🗑
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| show | A selected segment of the population used to represent the group that is being studied
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| show | A selected segment that very closely parallels the larger population being studied on relevant characteristics
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| show | Process in which subjects are selected randomly from a larger group such that every group member has an equal chance of being included in the study
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| show | A research strategy that allows the precise calculation of how strongly related two factors are to each other
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| show | A merical indication of the magnitude and direction of the relationship between two variables
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| show | A finding that two factors vary systematically in the same direction, increasing or decreasing together
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| Negative correlation | show 🗑
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| show | A method of investigatin used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating one faactor thought to produce change in another factor
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| Independent variable | show 🗑
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| Dependent variable | show 🗑
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| show | A factor or variable other than the ones being studied that, if not controlled, could affect the outcome of an experiment; also called a confounding variable
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| show | In an experiment, the group of participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions, including the independent variable
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| Placebo | show 🗑
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| show | Any change attributed to a person's beliefs and expectations rather than an actual drug, treatment, or procedure; also called expectancy effect
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| show | The process of assigning participants to experimental conditions so that all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions or groups in the study
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| Double-blind technique | show 🗑
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| show | In a research study, subtle cues or signals expressed by the researcher that commmunicate the kind of response or behavior that is expected from the participant
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| Practice effect | show 🗑
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| Main effect | show 🗑
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| Control group (control condition) | show 🗑
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| show | A study investigating the effects of a naturally occurring event on the research participants
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| Positron emission tomography (PET Scan) | show 🗑
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| show | A noninvasive imaging technique that produces highly detailed images of the body's structures and tissues using electromagnetic signals generated by teh body in response to magnetic fields
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| Functional magnetic resonanace imaging (fMRI) | show 🗑
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| Comparitive psychology | show 🗑
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| Mary Whiton Calkins | show 🗑
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| show | English naturalist and scientist whose theory of evolution through natural selection was first published in On the Origin of Species in 1859
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| Sigmund Freud | show 🗑
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| G. Stanley Hall | show 🗑
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| William James | show 🗑
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| show | American, humanistic psychologist who developed a theory of motivation
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| show | Russian physiologist whose pioneering research on learning contributed to the development of behaviorism; discovered the basic learning process that is now called classical conditioning
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| Carl Rogers | show 🗑
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| show | American psychologist and leading proponent of behaviorism; developed a model of learning called operant conditioning; emphasized studying the relationship between environmental factors and observable behavior
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| Francis C Sumner | show 🗑
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| Edward B Titchener | show 🗑
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| show | American psychologist who was the first woman to earn a doctorate in psychology in the United States; published research on mental processes in animals
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| John B Watson | show 🗑
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| Wilhelm Wundt | show 🗑
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| School/approach that studies how behavior and mental processes allow organisms to adapt to their environments | show 🗑
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| show | William James
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| show | Humanistic Psychology
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| Founder of Humanistic Psychology | show 🗑
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| show | Structuralism
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| Founder of Structuralism | show 🗑
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| show | Psychoanalysis
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| Founder of Psychoanalysis | show 🗑
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| show | Behaviorism
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| show | John Watson
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| show | Biological perspective; specialty is developmental psychology
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| show | Cross-cultural perspective; specialty is cognitive psychology
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| I develop progrsms to help people modify unhealthy eating habits,focusing on the environmental cues that trigger overeating. What is my perspective and specialty? | show 🗑
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| show | Psychodynamic perspective; specialty is clinical psychology
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| show | Evolutionary perspective; specialty is social psychology
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| I am currently studying the role that forgiveness plays in family relationships. I want to examine the extent to which forgiveness fosters the development of a healthy family environment and positive individual traits.What is my perspective and specialty? | show 🗑
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| A psychologist discovers that as negative life events increase, episodes of depression also increase. The psychologist concludes that there is a _________________ between negative life events and episodes of depression. | show 🗑
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| show | Naturalistic observation
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| A psychologist is using police reports and weather reports to determine whether there is any relationship between the frequency of arrests for aggressive behavior and the temperature. She is using _____________ to study this relationship. | show 🗑
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| show | Negative correlation
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| show | The case study method
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| All participants had an equal chance of being assigned to one of the different experimental conditions in both the ginkgo and hotel experiments. The hotel experiment used was _____________ | show 🗑
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| show | Placebo
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| Neither the participants nor the researchers who interacted with the participants knew who received the real versus the fake ginkgo bilboa. The hotel experiment used was ________ | show 🗑
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| Being informed that housekeeping tasks were good exercise. The hotel experiment used was _____________ | show 🗑
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| show | Dependent variable
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| The improvement that occurred from simply having taken the tests of memory, concentration, and mental focus twice. The hotel experiment used was ____________ | show 🗑
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| The physical changes that could be directly attributed to being told that housekeeping tasks provided healthy exercise. The hotel experiment used was _____________ | show 🗑
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| show | Extraneous variable
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| The participants who were not told that housekeeping tasks provide healthy exercise. The hotel experiment used was ____________ | show 🗑
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Created by:
beckyrigsby