ANAPHY
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| show | anatomy
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| show | anatomy
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| show | Developmental anatomy
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| ______________ , a subspecialty of developmental anatomy, considers changes from conception to the end of the eighth week of development. | show 🗑
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| show | Cytology
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| show | Histology
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| show | Gross anatomy
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| a group of structures that have one or more common functions, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, skeletal, or muscular systems | show 🗑
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| show | systemic anatomy
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| body is studied area by area | show 🗑
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| _________________________ involves looking at the exterior of the body to visualize structures deeper inside the body. For example, the sternum (breastbone) and parts of the ribs can be seen and palpated (felt) on the front of the chest. | show 🗑
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| _________________________ uses radiographs (x-rays), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures | show 🗑
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| show | Anatomical anomalies
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| show | physiology
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| show | cell physiology
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| show | systemic physiology
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| show | Physiology
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| show | pathology
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| Levels of Organization in the Body | show 🗑
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| show | chemical
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| the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms | show 🗑
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| show | organelles
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| A _________ is composed of a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them | show 🗑
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| The body is made up of four basic tissue types | show 🗑
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| An________ is composed of two or more tissue types that perform one or more common functions | show 🗑
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| An ___________________ is a group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions and are therefore viewed as a unit. | show 🗑
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| show | (1) integumentary, (2) skeletal, (3) muscular, (4) nervous, (5) endocrine, (6) cardiovascular, (7) lymphatic, (8) respiratory, (9) digestive, (10) urinary, and (11) reproductive
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| show | organism
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| show | organization, reproduction. metabolism, responsiveness, growth and development
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| refers to the specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions | show 🗑
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| the ability to use energy and to perform vital functions | show 🗑
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| refers to all of the chemical reactions taking place in the cells and internal environment of an organism | show 🗑
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| show | Responsiveness
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| show | Integumentary system
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| show | Skeletal system
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| Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons. | show 🗑
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| show | skull, spine, clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals, calcaneus, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, ribs, sternum, etc
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| A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors. | show 🗑
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| show | Endocrine system
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| show | hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenals, ovaries, pineal gland, parathyroids, pancreas & testes
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| show | Cardiovascular system
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| show | Growth
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| Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract. Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs. | show 🗑
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| Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH. Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages | show 🗑
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| show | Digestive system
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| show | Urinary system
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| show | Female reproductive system
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| show | Male reproductive system
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| show | Development
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| __________________ involves changes in a cell’s structure and function from an immature, generalized state to a mature, specialized state. | show 🗑
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| show | Morphogenesis
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| show | Reproduction
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| show | Homeostasis
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| A type of feedback mechanism when any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted; therefore, in this mechanism, the response to the original stimulus results in deviation from the set point, becoming smaller. | show 🗑
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| show | Positive-feedback mechanism
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| show | Anatomical position
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| All living and nonliving things are composed of ________, which is anything that occupies space and has mass | show 🗑
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| show | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & nitrogen
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| show | equal [ The positive charge of a proton is equal in magnitude to the negative charge of an electron. The number of protons and the number of electrons in each atom are equal, and the individual charges cancel each other. Therefore, each atom is electrically neutral. ]
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| show | Isotopes
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| __________________ is the ability of an atom’s nucleus to attract electrons. | show 🗑
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| When this occurs, the numbers of protons and electrons are no longer equal, and a charged particle, called an ____. | show 🗑
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| _____________________ is a measure of how much an atom attracts electrons from another atom to form a chemical bond. | show 🗑
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| _____________ bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms that have the same electronegativity (nonpolar covalent bond, e.g., H2) or a relatively small difference in electronegativities (polar covalent bond, e.g., H2O). | show 🗑
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| show | Ionic
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| show | cations
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| negatively charged ions | show 🗑
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| show | ionic bonds
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| show | covalent bonds
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| The sharing of one pair of electrons by two atoms results in a __________ covalent bond. | show 🗑
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| A _________ covalent bond results when two atoms share 4 electrons, 2 from each atom | show 🗑
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| show | nonpolar covalent bonds
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| A ______________ is composed of two or more atoms chemically combined to form a structure that behaves as an independent unit. | show 🗑
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| show | compound
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| show | catalysts
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| It is the simplest type of matter, having unique chemical properties. Ordinary substances that cannot be broken by ordinary chemical means. | show 🗑
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| What is the charge of the nucleus of an atom? | show 🗑
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| TRUE OR FALSE. Isotopes have different atomic number but same mass numbers. | show 🗑
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| energy levels is also called __________ | show 🗑
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| show | valence shell
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| Most atoms follow the ___________, the tendency of atoms to combine with other atoms until each has 8 electrons (2 electrons for hydrogen) in its valence shell. | show 🗑
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| show | covalent and ionic bonding
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| It is considered as the weakest bonding of atoms. | show 🗑
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| show | nonpolar covalent
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| unequal electron sharing | show 🗑
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| When the element loses an electron, it becomes __________. | show 🗑
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| show | negatively charged or anion
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| show | ionic bond
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| An unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms results in a slightly positive charge (δ+) on one side of the molecule and a slightly negative charge (δ−) on the other side of the molecule. | show 🗑
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| An equal sharing of electrons between two atoms results in an even charge distribution among the atoms of the molecule. | show 🗑
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| The attraction of oppositely charged ends of one polar molecule to another polar molecule holds molecules or parts of molecules together. | show 🗑
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| show | Intermolecular forces
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| show | solubility
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| Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called __________________ because they have the capacity to conduct an electric current, which is the flow of charged particles. | show 🗑
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| show | stabilizes body temperature, protection (acts as a lubricant or cushion), chemical reactions, transport
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| show | stabilizes body temperature
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| show | protection
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| (PROPERTIES OF WATER) most of the chemical reactions necessary for life do not take place unless the reacting molecules are dissolved in water | show 🗑
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| show | transport
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| What are the lesser elements that make up 3.9% of the body? | show 🗑
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| What is the use of trace elements make up <0.01% of the body? | show 🗑
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| pH of hydrochoric acid | show 🗑
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| show | 1
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| pH of lemon juice | show 🗑
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| pH of vinegar, cola, beer | show 🗑
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| pH of tomatoes | show 🗑
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| show | 5
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| pH of urine & saliva | show 🗑
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| show | 7
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| show | 7.4
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| pH of seawater | show 🗑
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| pH of baking soda | show 🗑
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| pH of Green salt lake | show 🗑
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| pH of household ammonia | show 🗑
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| show | 12
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| pH of oven cleaner | show 🗑
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| pH of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) | show 🗑
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| show | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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| show | 1:2:1 (C:H:O)
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| show | electrolytes
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| show | carbohydrates
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| Examples of carbohydrates | show 🗑
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| Examples of monosaccharides | show 🗑
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| show | sucrose ad lactose
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| Examples of polysaccharides | show 🗑
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| show | fats
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| show | fats, phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids, fat-soluble vitamins, lipoproteins
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| This example of lipid is the chief component of cell membranes. | show 🗑
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| show | steroids
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| show | eicosanoids
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| This example of lipids is vitamins A, D, E, and K. | show 🗑
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| show | lipoproteins
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| show | lipids
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| show | contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but the proportion of oxygen in lipids is less than carbohydrates
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| The basic building blocks of other carbohydrates | show 🗑
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| This lipid provides energy. | show 🗑
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| show | phospholipids
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| show | eicosanoids and steroids
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| These are formed by the reaction of acids and bases. | show 🗑
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| These are chemicals that resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added. | show 🗑
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| TRUE OR FALSE. Acids are proton acceptors. | show 🗑
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| TRUE OR FALSE. Acids release H⁺ | show 🗑
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| TRUE OR FALSE. Bases are proton acceptors. | show 🗑
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| TRUE OR FALSE. Bases release OH⁻ | show 🗑
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| show | pH scale (power of hydrogen)
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| Chemical bonds are a form of what energy? | show 🗑
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| atoms that have gained or lost electrons | show 🗑
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| an atom that becomes negatively charged after accepting 1 or more electrons | show 🗑
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| an atom that becomes positively charged after losing an electron | show 🗑
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| An _______ bond results from the attraction of the oppositely charged cation and anion to each other | show 🗑
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| Mostly concerned with non-carbon-containing substances but does include some carbon-containing substances, such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide that lack carbon-hydrogen bonds. | show 🗑
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| Substances contain carbon and hydrogen atoms bound together by covalent bonds, are often large; usually have carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonding. | show 🗑
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| A bond that has a small positive charge that is weakly attracted to the small negative charge of other atoms. | show 🗑
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| Example of inorganic compounds | show 🗑
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| show | O2
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| show | CO2
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| It has many important properties for living organisms and is essential for life. | show 🗑
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| show | Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
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| It makes up the genetic material of the cell and replicates itself before the cell divides, ensuring genetic continuity. It also provides instructions for protein synthesis. | show 🗑
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| show | DNA
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| show | adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
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| A single-stranded molecule found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell. | show 🗑
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| show | RNA
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| show | messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA
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| TRUE OR FALSE. Energy can be "lost" as heat, can be used to synthesize molecules or can do work. | show 🗑
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| show | 0 to 14
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| show | pH scale
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| show | TRUE
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| TRUE OR FALSE. Acidic solutions have more H⁺ than OH- and a pH of less than 7.0 | show 🗑
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| show | TRUE
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| It is stored (inactive) energy that could do work. | show 🗑
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| It is an energy that does work by causing the movement of an object. | show 🗑
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| It is the capacity to do work. | show 🗑
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| What do enzymes do? | show 🗑
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| ____________ is an especially important source of energy. | show 🗑
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| _________________ molecules are formed by dehydration reactions between two monosaccharides. | show 🗑
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| It usually ends in -ase. | show 🗑
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| Examples of disaccharides | show 🗑
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| show | water
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| a molecule consisting of a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH− | show 🗑
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| a solution of a conjugate acid-base pair that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added to the solution | show 🗑
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| ________ is stored in fats. | show 🗑
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| show | polysaccharide
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| ________________ are composed of glycerol and fatty acids. One, two, or three fatty acids can attach to the glycerol molecule. | show 🗑
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| _________________ are straight chains of carbon molecules with a carboxyl group. It can be saturated (having only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms) or unsaturated (having one or more double covalent bonds between carbon atoms). | show 🗑
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| show | Phospholipids
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| ____________ are lipids composed of four interconnected ring molecules. Examples are cholesterol, bile salts, and sex hormones. | show 🗑
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| show | amino acids
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| _________________ are organic catalysts that increase the rate at which biochemical reactions proceed without it being permanently changed. | show 🗑
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| _____________ are ions or organic molecules, such as vitamins, that are required for some enzymes to function | show 🗑
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| The basic unit of nucleic acids is the _______________, which is a monosaccharide with an attached phosphate and a nitrogenous base. | show 🗑
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| ______ ________________ contain the monosaccharide deoxyribose and the nitrogenous base adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine. | show 🗑
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| show | gene
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| show | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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| show | Plasma Membrane
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| (CELL PARTS) Is the control center of the cell; DNA within the nucleus regulates protein synthesis and therefore the chemical reactions of the cell | show 🗑
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| (CELL PARTS) Serves as site of protein synthesis | show 🗑
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| (CELL PARTS) Synthesizes proteins, which are usually transported to Golgi apparatus | show 🗑
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| show | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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| show | Golgi apparatus
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| (CELL PARTS) Contains digestive enzymes; membrane-bound vesicles formed from the Golgi apparatus; they contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellular digestive systems. | show 🗑
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| show | Peroxisome
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| show | Proteasomes
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| show | Mitochondria
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| (CELL PARTS) Serve as centers for microtubule formation; determine cell polarity during cell division; form the basal bodies of cilia and flagella | show 🗑
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| show | Cilia
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| show | Flagellum
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| (CELL PARTS) Increase surface area of the plasma membrane for absorption and secretion; modified to form sensory receptors | show 🗑
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| The characteristic functions of the cell | show 🗑
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| show | Midsagittal
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| A plane that divides the body into unequal right and left sides. | show 🗑
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| More or less identical building blocks of elements | show 🗑
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| One or two chemical shorthand for each element | show 🗑
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| show | Physical properties
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| Properties of an element that pertains to the way atoms interact with one another | show 🗑
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| show | Hydrogen bond
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Number and type of reacting substances
Products produced
Relative amounts of reactants and products
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| show | TRUE
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| show | FALSE. Chemical reactions proceed quicker at higher temperature.
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| TRUE OR FALSE. The bigger the particle, the faster the chemical reaction. | show 🗑
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| show | pH 7.00
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| range of acidic pH scale | show 🗑
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| range of basic pH scale | show 🗑
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| show | Characteristics of Enzymes
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| Chemical elements present in proteins | show 🗑
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| show | CHONP
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| Functions of Lipids | show 🗑
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| show | • Used to make skin, hair, nails, muscles
• Part of the hemoglobin molecule
• Act as enzymes
• Immune system functions
• Muscle contractions (actin and myosin)
• Part of the cell membrane
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| show | cytoplasm
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| show | oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide (CO2), alcohol, lipid hormones, and anesthetic drugs
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| Cells that do endocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | Hormones and neurotransmitters
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| Endocytosis is divided into... | show 🗑
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| show | Simple diffusion
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| show | Osmosis
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| show | Aquaporins
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| A _____________ solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell. The solution has less tone, or osmotic pressure, than the cell. Water moves by osmosis into the cell, causing it to swell. If the cell swells enough, it can rupture, a process called lysis. | show 🗑
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| show | isotonic
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| show | hypertonic
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| show | Facilitated diffusion
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| show | Active transport
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| show | Hydrogen peroxide
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| The enzymes in peroxisomes break down ______________. | show 🗑
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| The outer membranes have a smooth contour, but the inner membranes have numerous folds, called _________, which project into the interior of the mitochondria. | show 🗑
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| _________ are cylindrical structures that extend from the cell and are composed of microtubules. | show 🗑
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| ______________ are specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments and they are abundant on the surface of cells that line the intestine, kidney, and other areas in which absorption is an important function. | show 🗑
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| show | Gene expression
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| ________________ involves copying DNA into messenger RNA; _________________ involves messenger RNA being used to produce a protein. | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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yulyae