AP Psych Learning Unit Test 2/21
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| classical conditioning | unconditioned stimulus ---> unconditioned response
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conditioned stimulus ---> conditioned response
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| operant conditioning | positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
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| generalized secondary reinforcers | EVERYONE loves it (ex. money,phone, cars)
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| schedules of reinforcement | Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
variable interval
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| fixed ratio | fixed numbers of response get the reward
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| variable ratio | never know when the reward is coming
number of responses change in order to get the reward
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| fixed interval | time orientated, response/behavior happens after a set period of time
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| variable interval | time orientated, reponse happens after a random amount of time
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| complex learning | latent learning
abstract learning
observational learning
insight learning
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| observational learning | modeling, observe and imitate
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| latent learning | Ed Tolman
ability to learn in absence of reward
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| abstract learning | recognise shapes and pictures
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| insight learning | Wolfgang Kholer
sudden awareness of a problem (fill in the blank) (AH HA moment)
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| token economy | someone is rewarded for demonstrating a certain type of behavior
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| chaining | technique where by the person has to do several behaviors in sequence to get reward
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| shaping | a method of increasing a targeted behavior through reinforcement
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| acquisition | learning takes place when the unconditioned response occurs only to the CS
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| pavlov | classical conditioning
dogs salivating
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| john b watson | discovered behaviorism
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| wolfgang kholer | insight learning
ape intelligence experiments
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| ed thorndike | introduced concept of reinforcement
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| ed tolman | latent learning
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| behaviorism school of thought | all learning is observable
mental functions were a waste of times
goal: to control/ predict behavior
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