Sra.Sharp Spanish 1 final grammar
Help!
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| my name is | me llamo
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| your name is | te llamas
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| her/his name is | se llama
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| our name is | nos llamamos
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| What is your name? (familiar) | ¿Cómo te llamas?
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| What is your name? (formal) | ¿Cómo se llama usted?
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| I would like to introduce you to ...(familiar) | Te presento a...
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| I would like to introduce you to...(formal) | Le presento a...
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| Appropriate response to "Mucho gusto." | El gusto es mío.
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| Appropriate response to "Encantado/a." | Igualmente.
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| Good bye. | Adiós.
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| Bye. | Chau.
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| See you later. | Nos vemos. Hasta la vista. Hasta luego.
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| See you soon. | Hasta pronto.
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| How old are you? (familiar) | ¿Cuántos años tienes?
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| How old are you? (formal) | ¿Cuántos años tiene usted?
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| How do we tell age? | form of TENER + number + añosej. Tengo treinta y cinco años.
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| How do we make yes/no questions? (3 ways) | 1. Just add question marks.2. Invert the sentence, putting the verb first.3. Add a tag (¿no? ¿sí? ¿verdad?
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| How do I make a question to get information? | Use question words.
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| Who | ¿Quién/es?
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| What | ¿Qué? / ¿Cuál/es?
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| When | ¿Cuándo?
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| Where | ¿Dónde?
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| How | ¿Cómo?
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| Why? | ¿Por qué?
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| Whose? | ¿De quién/es?
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| With whom? | ¿Con quién/es?
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| To where? | ¿Adónde?
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| From where? | ¿De dónde?
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| Which? | ¿Cuál/es?
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| If a question is is yo form | I answer in the tú form
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| If a question is in the tú form | I answer in the yo form
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| if a question is in the él or ella form | I answer in the él or ella form
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| If a question is in the usted form | I answer in the yo form
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| If a question is in the nosotros/as form | I answer in the ustedes form or in the nosotros/as for if I am including myself in the answer
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| If a question is in the ellos/ellas form | I answer in the ellos or ellas form
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| If a question is in the ustedes form | I answer in the nosotros form
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| How many ... are there? | ¿Cuánto/a/os/as _____ hay?
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| There are/ there is | hay
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| There are no ____. | No hay ____.
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| There is one. (masculine) | Hay un.
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| There is one. (feminine) | Hay una.
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| 1 | uno
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| 2 | dos
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| 3 | tres
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| 4 | cuatro
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| 5 | cinco
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| 6 | seis
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| 7 | siete
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| 8 | ocho
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| 9 | nueve
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| 10 | diez
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| 11 | once
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| 12 | doce
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| 13 | trece
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| 14 | catorce
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| 15 | quince
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| 16 | dieciséis
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| 17 | diecisiete
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| 18 | dieciocho
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| 19 | diecinueve
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| 20 | veinte
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| 21 | veintiuno
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| 22 | veintidós
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| 23 | veintitrés
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| 24 | veinticuatro
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| 25 | veinticinco
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| 26 | veintiséis
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| 27 | veintisiete
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| 28 | veintiocho
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| 29 | veintinueve
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| 30 | treinta
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| 31 | treinta y uno
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| 33 | treinta y tres
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| 40 | cuarenta
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| 50 | cincuenta
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| 60 | sesenta
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| 70 | setenta
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| 80 | ochenta
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| 90 | noventa
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| 100 | cien(ciento if we are adding more numbers after it)
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| 101 | ciento uno
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| 200 | doscientos/as
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| 300 | trescientos/as
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| 400 | cuatrocientos/as
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| 500 | quinientos/as
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| 600 | seiscientos/as
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| 700 | setecientos/as
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| 800 | ochocientos/as
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| 900 | novecientos/as
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| 1000 | mil(will not be made plural in large numbers)
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| 1.000.000 | millón(made plural in larger numbers = milliones)
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| How are phone numbers expressed? | By pairing the numbers. Any odd numbers begin the sequence.
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| How do you say this phone number in Spanish?5-55-12-34 | cinco, cincuenta y cinco, doce, treinta y cuatro
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| 3-45-06-50 | tres, cuarenta y cinco, cero, seis, cincuenta
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| What does a period (.) in a number mean? | It means the same as a comma in English.ej. English 12,345 = 12.234 in Spanish
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| What happens when you are counting something in the hundreds and it is masculine? | The hundreds place has a masculine ending.ej. doscientos hombres = 200 men
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| What happens when you are counting something in the hundreds and it is feminine? | The hundreds place has a feminine ending.ej. doscientas mujeres = 200 women
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| What happens when a number ends in one and you are counting something feminine? | The number one becomes una.ej: 21 women = veintiuna mujeres 31 purses = treinta y una bolsas
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| What happens when a number ends in one and you are counting something masculine? | The number one becomes un.ej. 21 men = veintiún hombres 31 cars = treinta y un carros
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| What happens to the thousands place when it is plural in a large number? | It remains the word "mil."
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| Express in writing:12.345.678 | doce millones, trescientos cuarenta y cinco mil, seiscientos setenta y ocho
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| "One hundred and one" is a grammar error. Why? | We do not use "and" to express the concept of one in addition to one hundred. This would be wrong in Spanish too. The correct way to say it in Spanish is "ciento uno."
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| What time is it? | ¿Qué hora es?
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| At what time is..? | ¿A qué hora?
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| Appropriate answers for "¿Qué hora es?" | Es la una (y/menos) _______ de la (mañana, tarde, noche.)Son las _____ (y/menos) _____ de la (mañana/tarde/noche.)
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| Appropriate answers for "¿A qué hora? | ...a la una (y/menos) ____ de la (mañana/tarde/noche.)...a las ____ (y/menos) _____ de la (mañana/ tarde/ noche.)
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| What happens if the minutes are past the half-hour? (:31 - :59) | Add an hour and subtract the minutes. (menos)
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| What happens if the minutes are NOT past the half-hour mark? (:01-:30) | Use the current hour and add the minutes. (y)
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| :15 | y cuarto
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| :45 | menos cuarto
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| :30 | y media
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| on the dot | en punto
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| midnight | la medianoche
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| noon | el mediodía
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| present tense forms of ser | soy, eres, es, somos, son
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| When do I use SER? | DOCTORdescription, occupation, characteristics, time, origin, relationships
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| present tense of estar | estoy, estás, está, estamos, están
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| When do I use ESTAR? | PLACEposition, location, action, condition, emotion
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| What does LONER have to do with masculine nouns? | If a word ends in L, O, N, E, or R it is USUALLY masculine.
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| What does DiónZA have to do with feminine nouns? | If a word ends in D, -ión, Z or A it is USUALLY feminine.
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| ¿Cómo es/son? | How is/are? (description)
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| ¿Cómo estás/ estás? | How are you ? (condition, emotion)
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| tall | alto/a
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| unpleasant | antipático/a
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| short | bajo/a
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| pretty | bonito/a
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| good | bueno/a
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| thin | delgado/a
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| hard, difficult | difícil
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| easy | fácil
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| ugly | feo/a
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| fat | gordo/a
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| big, large | grande
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| handsome | guapo/a
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| important | importante
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| intelligent | inteligente
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| interesting | interestante
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| young | joven
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| bad | malo/a
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| same | mismo/a
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| brunette | moreno/a
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| much, many, a lot of | mucho/a
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| red-haired | pelirrojo/a
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| small | pequeño/a
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| blonde | rubio/a
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| nice, likeable | simpático/a
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| silly, foolish | tonto/a
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| hard-working | trabajador/a
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| old | viejo/a
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| Where do we usually place adjectives? | After the noun they describe.
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| Where can we place bueno/a and malo/a? | Before or after.
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| What happens to bueno/a when placed before a masculine singular noun? | It becomes buen or mal.
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| Where can we place grande? | Before or after.
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| What does it mean to place grande before a noun? | great
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| What happens to grande when placed before a singular noun? | gran
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| What does grande mean when placed after a noun? | big
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| A mí me gusta/n | I like...
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| A ti te gusta/n | you like...
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| A él/ella le gusta/n | he/she likes...
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| A nosotros nos gusta/n | we like...
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| A Ud. le gusta/n | You like...(formal)
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| A Uds. les gusta/n | You like...(plural)
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| When will we use the ending gusta? | singular nouns and infinitives
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| When will we use the gustan? | plural nouns and activites
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| What must I place before a name when using the verb gustar? | Aej. A Elena le gusta el café.
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| How do you express "to go"? | IR
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| How do you express "to go to a place"? | Ir a + place
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| How do you express "to be going to do something"? | Ir a + infinitive
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| present tense of IR | voy, vas, va, vamos, van
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| a + el = ? | al
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| de + el = ? | del
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| Regular -AR verb endings | o,as,a,amos, an
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| Regular -ER verb endings | o, es, e, emos, en
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| Regular -IR verb endings | o,es,e,imos, en
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| baseball | el béisbol
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| cycling | el ciclismo
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| (water) skiing | el esquí (acuático)
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| football | el fútbol americano
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| golf | el golf
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| hockey | el hockey
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| swimming | la natación
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| tennis | el tenis
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| volleyball | el vóleibol
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| team | el equipo
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| park | el parque
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| game, match | el partido
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| city or town square | la plaza
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| to skateboard | andar en patineta
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| to scuba dive | bucear
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| to climb mountains | escalar montañas
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| to ski | esquiar
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| to win | ganar
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| to go on a hike | ir de excursión
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| to play sports | practicar deportes
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| to write a letter, an email | escribir una carta, un mensaje electrónico
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| to read email | leer correo electrónico
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| to read a magazine | leer una revista
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| sports-related | deportivo
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| newspaper | el periódico
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| ball | la pelota
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| player | el/la jugador/a
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| to ride a bike | pasear en bicicleta
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| to visit a monument | visitar el monumento
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| to walk | caminar, pasear
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| to sunbathe | tomar el sol
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| to inline skate | patinar en línea
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| to swim | nadar
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| pool | la piscina
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| basketball | el baloncesto
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| theatre | el cine
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| museum | el museo
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| the cafe | café
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| gym | el gimnasio
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| restaurant | el restaurante
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| To have | tener
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| present tense forms of tener | tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen
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| to have to (do something) | tener que + infinitive (ej. Tengo que estudiar.)
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| to be ...years old | tener ...años
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| to be (very) hot | tener (mucho) calor
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| to be (very) careful | tener (mucho) cuidado
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| to be (very) cold | tener (mucho) frío
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| to be (very) hungry | tener (mucha) hambre
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| to be (very ) afraid/ scared (of) | tener (mucho) miedo (de)
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| to be in a (big) hurry | tener (mucha) prisa
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| to be right | tener razón
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| to be (very) thirsty | tener (mucha) sed
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| te be (very) sleepy | tener (mucho) sueño
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| to be (very) lucky | tener (mucha) suerte
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| to begin | empezar: empiezo, empiezas, empieza, empezamos, empiezan
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| Why do they call stem-changing verbs "boot verbs"? | They change in all forms but nosotros/as and vosotros/as. If you draw a line around the verbs in the paradigm that DO change, it forms a boot.
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| to return | volver: vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, vuelven
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| to close | cerrar: cierro, cierras, cierra, cerramos, cierran
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| to begin (begins with C) | comenzar (a + inf.):comienzo, comienzas, comienza, comenzamos, comienzan
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| to understand | entender: entiendo, entiendes, entiende, entendemos, entienden
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| to think | pensar: pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, piensan
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| to lose, to miss | perder: pierdo, pierdes, pierde, perdemos, pierden
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| to prefer | preferir (+ inf.): prefiero, prefieres, prefiere, preferimos, prefieren
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| to want, to love | querer (+inf.): quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, quieren
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| to have lunch | almorzar: almuerzo, almuerzas, almuerza, almorzamos, almuerzan
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| to count, to tell | contar: cuento, cuentas, cuenta, contamos, cuentan
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| to sleep | dormir: duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, duermen
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| to find | encontrar: encuentro, encuentras, encuentra, encontramos, encuentran
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| to show | mostrar: muestro, muestras,muestra, mostramos, muestran
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| to be able to, can | poder (+inf.): puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, pueden
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| to remember | recordar: recuerdo, recuerdas, recuerda, recordamos, recuerdan
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| to return | volver: vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, vuelven
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| to ask, to order | pedir: pido, pides, pide, pedimos, piden
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| to get, to obtain | conseguir: consigo, consigues, consigue, conseguimos, consiguen
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| to say, to tell | decir: digo, dices, dice, decimos, dicen
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| to repeat | repetir: repito, repites, repite, repetimos, repiten
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| to follow, to continue, to keep (doing something) | seguir: sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, siguen
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| to do, to make | hacer: hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacen
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| to put, to place | poner: pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponen
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| to leave | salir: salgo, sales, sale, salimos, salen
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| to suppose | suponer: supongo, supones, supone, suponemos, suponen
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| to bring | traer: traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traen
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| to see | ver: veo, ves, ve, vemos, ven
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| to hear | oír: oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oyen
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