Soc Psych Exam 2
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| show | quick, automatic, and often unconscious evaluations or decisions that individuals make about others or situations based on limited information
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| show | meeting someone who is well dressed, confident, and makes eye contact, you might judge them as being competent and trustworthy
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| Thin slices | show 🗑
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| What are two dimensions that people use when making snap judgements about others | show 🗑
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| show | a face with an angular, prominent chin
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| show | the idea that behavior should be attributed to potential causes that occur along with the observed behavior
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| show | a type of covariation information: whether most people would behave the same way or differently in a given situation
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| What principle helps explain how individuals attribute the causes of others' behavior to either internal or external factors | show 🗑
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| Trait Self Esteem | show 🗑
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| show | the temporary FLUCTUATIONS in self esteem
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| show | self-concept confusion
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| show | looks for spaces they may fall in and avoid the space
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| Emotional Volattility | show 🗑
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| show | 1. feels good (links with sociometer theory)
2. provides instinct
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| Who came up with the Sociometer Theory | show 🗑
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| Sociometer Theory | show 🗑
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| The gas gage | show 🗑
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| show | you're driving well
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| The gas gage when self esteem is low | show 🗑
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| show | Crokeretal 1990s
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| Self enhancement | show 🗑
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| Self affirmation theory | show 🗑
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| show | three kinds of interrelated positive illusions that can serve a variety of COGNITVE, AFFECTIVE, and SOCIAL FUNCTIONS
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| show | positive illusions
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| We _______________ positive qualities | show 🗑
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| show | underestimate
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| We tend to think that good things are going to happen | show 🗑
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| show | sudden medical issues, laid off a job
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| show | mental tricks we use to help us believe things we want to believe
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| show | 1. Skeptical of negative feedback but not positive feedback
2. Selective attention and memory
3. Good vs. Bad is relative
4. Positive traits are unusual and negative traits are common
5. Slippery definition of positive traits
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| show | Ex. inquire a professor about bad grades but not with good grades
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| Selective attention and memory | show 🗑
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| show | we selectively choose who we compare ourselves to
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| show | comparing yourself to someone who makes less money than you
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| Positive traits are unusual example | show 🗑
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| negative traits are common example | show 🗑
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| show | we have an ideal of who we are, so we morph that trait to perceive who we are
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| Example of slippery definitions of positive traits | show 🗑
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| show | Crocker and Park
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| show | EGOsystem motivation
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| show | 1. compromises pursuit of competence
2. compromises autonomy
3. Impairs learning and growth
4. Can damage relationships
5. Harmful to death
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| Compromises pursuit of competence | show 🗑
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| show | choosing a class that is an easy A rather than enrolling in a more difficult class
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| show | doing what someone else wants me to do rather than what I want to do
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| Example of compromises autonomy | show 🗑
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| Can damage relationships | show 🗑
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| Harmful to death | show 🗑
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| Solution of consequences of self esteem pursuit | show 🗑
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| ECOsystem motivation | show 🗑
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| show | self evaluation
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| Self verification | show 🗑
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| In self verification, we tend to interact with.... | show 🗑
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| show | self verification
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| Self monitoring | show 🗑
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| High self monitors | show 🗑
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| Low self monitors | show 🗑
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| show | people's behavior is based on social context and the function of the person
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| show | someone behaves based on their character
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| show | something outside of the person is affecting their behavior
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| show | Kelley, 1973
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| Covariation theory | show 🗑
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| show | everyone else is doing similar things so behavior is driven by context
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| High consensus | show 🗑
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| Low consensus | show 🗑
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| Distinctiveness | show 🗑
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| show | external situation
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| Low distinctiveness | show 🗑
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| High consistency | show 🗑
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| Low consistency | show 🗑
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| show | trying to imagine what could have been
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| What is this: you're on an airplane and the door pops open. You were originally supposed to be on a different flight | show 🗑
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| show | errors
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| show | -self serving bias
-fundamental attribution error
-actor observer effect
-self centered attribution bias
-defensive attributions
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| show | when bad things happen, we make external attributiuons
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| show | failure to recognize the importance of situational factors on someone's behavior
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| What error is this: | show 🗑
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| What error has cultural differences | show 🗑
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| show | making external attributions for yourself and internal attributions for someone else
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| show | tendency to overestimate your contribution to group endeavors
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| Defensive attributions | show 🗑
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| Two general functions of social comparisions | show 🗑
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| show | to understand one's self in relation to others
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| Self evaluation: | show 🗑
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| Three types of social comparisions | show 🗑
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| show | seeing where you are in comparison to others
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| Downward | show 🗑
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| show | leading to self improvement
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| Emotional Amplification | show 🗑
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| Imagine a student receives a poor grade on an exam. Initially, they may feel disappointed or frustrated. However, as they dwell on the grade, replaying the exam in their mind and comparing their performance to that of their peers, their negative emotions | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Self Serving Attributional bias
2. Fundamental attribution error
3. Actor observer difference
4. Self centered bias
5. Defensive attribution
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| Jack is crying at work. In order to make a dispositional attribution about Jack-that he has a tendency to cry easily-what covariance information must be selected? | show 🗑
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| Primary Effect | show 🗑
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| Recency effect | show 🗑
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| show | the influence on judgement resulting from the way information is presented, including the words used to describe the information or the order in which it is presented
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| show | Primacy
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| Spin Framing | show 🗑
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| Illegal immigrants = criminals or undocumented immigrants = people wanting a better life | show 🗑
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| show | positive frame
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| show | negative frame
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| Temporal | show 🗑
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| show | present focused framing
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| show | future focused framing
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| show | spin framing
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| "get beach ready" | show 🗑
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| “Lock in a deal on next year’s gym membership now at the incredibly low price of….” | show 🗑
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| What is correct about construal level theory? | show 🗑
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| show | number of reckless drivers in the city
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| show | people will scrutinize information that does not support their beliefs
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| show | “Data-driven” mental processing, in which an individual forms conclusions based on stimuli encountered in the environment
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| show | “Theory driven” mental processing, in which an individual filters and interprets new information in light of preexisting knowledge and expectations
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| show | The presentation of information designed to activate a concept and hence make it accessible. A prime is the STIMULUS presented to ACTIVATE the concept in question.
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| After seeing fast food TV commercials all day, a viewer may be more inclined to eat a hamburger than a salad | show 🗑
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| show | This demonstrated that subtle exposure to certain stimuli (in this case, words related to old age) could influence behavior without participants being consciously aware of it.
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| Recent activation | show 🗑
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| if someone watches the news showing a racial group in a negative light, this recent exposure may activate those stereotypes in the viewer's mine | show 🗑
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| Frequent activation | show 🗑
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| What is correct about schemas | show 🗑
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| what is activated when you prime people with dollar signs | show 🗑
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| What would lead to an increased likelihood of a schema being activated | show 🗑
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| Intuitive System | show 🗑
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| show | slower and more controlled, based on rules and deduction, and performs its operations one at a time-serially
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| show | intuitive mental operations, performed quickly and automatically, that provide efficient answers to common problems of judgement
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| show | Heurisitc
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| Availability Heuristic | show 🗑
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| show | availability heuristic
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| Is the availability heuristic biased or unbiased | show 🗑
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| Joint projects | show 🗑
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| Fluency | show 🗑
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| unfamiliar words are harder to process than simple words | show 🗑
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| show | mood
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| Suppose a company is trying to persuade consumers to buy a new product. They create an advertisement that presents information in a clear, easy-to-understand manner with simple language and appealing visuals. | show 🗑
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| Representative heurisitc | show 🗑
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| Imagine you meet someone named Alex for the first time. Alex is described as quiet, enjoys reading classic literature, and spends most weekends at home | show 🗑
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| Base rate | show 🗑
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| A strong sense of representativeness sometimes leads us to ignore base-rate likelihood | show 🗑
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| show | cause and effect
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| Imagine someone believes that wearing a particular item of clothing, such as a lucky hat, brings them good luck during exams. This belief arises because they've worn the hat during exams in the past and subsequently performed well. | show 🗑
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| Illusory Correlation | show 🗑
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| Study found that perceived connections between clinical diagnoses and the Draw-a-person Test may be | show 🗑
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| show | illusory correlation
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| show | illusory correlation
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| Anchoring and adjustment | show 🗑
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| Imagine you're negotiating the price of a used car with a seller. The seller initially suggests a price of $15,000. This starting point, or anchor, influences your subsequent judgments about the car's value. Even if you know the true market value of the c | show 🗑
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