topic 7
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| superpower | a country or nation that has the ability to project their influence on the world
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| five pillars of superpower status | economic, military, culture, political, resources
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| power spectrum | the different approaches a country may have in projecting their influence eg hard and soft power or smart power
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| hard power | the use of direct power to another country eg political, economic and military (debt, threat and economic sanctions)
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| soft power | using attraction and ideologies to dominate power over other nations eg cultural, economic and politics (trade alliances, giving aid and projecting ones culture)
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| smart power | the use of both hard and soft power
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| Mackinder's geo-strategic location theory | Eurasia is the heartland and who ever dominated the area would become the main superpower as their could privet and had large amounts of human and physical resources
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| Wallerstein's world system theory | this included the core which is the economic powerhouse, them the semi periphery which is emerging countries and then the periphery which is the developing countries. this system works by the core creates trade and the others provide the labour
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| Rostow's model of modernisation | there's five stages of development (traditional society, pre conditions for take off, take off, drive to maturity, and high mass consumption
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| criticism of Rostow's model | only focus on westernised development for example Zimbabwe have industrial development but didn't follow this model due their countries corruption
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| superpower patterns | unipolar (British empire), bi polar (USA vs USSR), and multi polar
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| pros of colonialism | English language- made it easier for trade
train lines- easier to transport goods
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| cons of colonialism | discriminating polices- created slaves and segregation
made other countries fall behind in development- corruption an bankruptcy
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| franks dependency model | the idea that neo colonialism is controlling and developed nations are still controlling past colonies
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| BRIC(S) | brazil, Russia, India, and china
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| IGOs | world bank, international monetary fund, world trade organisation, world economic forum
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| what power does the UN have | peace keeping troops, sanctions and military force
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| What can a rise in the middle class lead to | food security, energy security, resource security and water security
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| Kuznets curve | This idea that as economic growth increase environmental quality increase to the peak then decrease this explains why development counties has less emissions
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| Spheres of consent | South China sea, artic oil, intellectual property, land ownership
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| How to developed nation use developing countries | neo-colonialism eg belt and road initiative
Brain drain- people from India going to university in the UK
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| Centre of economic gravity | The average location of economic around the world currently this in the west aka USA
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| Shift of economic gravity | this shift is going from the west to the east by 2050 the USAs and EUs GDP will be $151 trillion while Asia's will be $174 trillion
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| Factors affecting future superpower status | space race and nuclear weapons
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