Smartbook- The Urinary System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | By regulating water output
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| show | Liver
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| show | Excretion
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| The kidneys lie against the Blank______. | show 🗑
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| show | the ureter
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| In conditions of severe starving the kidneys can synthesize _________ from amino acids. | show 🗑
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| show | medulla, cortex
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| show | Urea
Creatinine
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| show | 6 to 10
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| What does the respiratory system excrete? | show 🗑
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| show | efferent arteriole
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| True or False: The left kidney is slightly lower than the right because of the space occupied by the liver just above it. | show 🗑
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| show | glomerulus
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| Starting at a renal papilla at the top, place the structures through which urine will flow in order. | show 🗑
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| The outer layer of the renal parenchyma is called the renal _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Glomerulus
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| show | Renal pyramids
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| What do a renal corpuscle and an attached renal tubule form? | show 🗑
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| show | Afferent arteriole
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| What is formed by a glomerulus and its surrounding glomerular capsule? | show 🗑
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| What is a nephron? | show 🗑
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| show | Renal tubule
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| What is the order of urine-collecting structures found within the kidney? | show 🗑
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| show | Proximal convoluted tubule
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| show | Glomerular capsule
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| Which segments of the nephron loop actively transport salts? | show 🗑
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| show | Renal corpuscle and renal tubule
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| The distal convoluted tubule is Blank______ and Blank______ coiled than the proximal convoluted tubule. | show 🗑
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| The renal corpuscle consists of a glomerulus and a glomerular Blank______. | show 🗑
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| show | cortical
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| Which structure is composed of a proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct? | show 🗑
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| show | decreases
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| The presence of which structures in the proximal convoluted tubule cause the lining to be referred to as a brush border? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Which segments of the nephron loop are permeable to water? | show 🗑
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| show | Glomerular filtration
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| The collecting duct receives fluid from which of the following? | show 🗑
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| The filtration pressure in the glomerulus is determined by the balance of which two pressures? | show 🗑
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| Which nephrons have long nephron loops that extend deep into the medulla? | show 🗑
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| In young females, the glomerular filtration rate is about Blank______ mL/min. | show 🗑
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| The nerves and ganglia serving the kidney make up the renal ________. | show 🗑
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| show | GFR is too high.
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| show | Blood plasma
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| In glomerular filtration, blood is filtered to form Blank______. | show 🗑
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| Net filtration pressure (NFP) takes into account both blood __________ pressure and colloid osmotic pressure of the capsular fluid and capillary blood. | show 🗑
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| The ability of the nephrons to adjust their own blood flow and GFR without external control is called renal ________ | show 🗑
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| Choose all the variables that affect the filtration coefficient. | show 🗑
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| show | Afferent arteriole
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| If the glomerular filtration rate is too Blank______, fluid flows through the renal tubules too slowly, urine output will decrease, and azotemia may occur. | show 🗑
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| show | Filtrate
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| show | Densa
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| The process by which water and some solutes in the blood plasma pass from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space is called glomerular ____________ | show 🗑
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| The mechanism by which the glomerulus receives feedback on the status of downstream tubular fluid is called ________ feedback. | show 🗑
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| The ability of the nephrons to adjust their own blood flow and GFR without nervous or hormonal control is called renal Blank______. | show 🗑
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| show | sympathetic
It is the sympathetic nervous system that causes vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles.
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| In the myogenic mechanism, what does smooth muscle do when it is stretched? | show 🗑
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| Angiotensin II stimulates the renal cortex to secrete which of the following? | show 🗑
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| show | GFR is too high.
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| Which structures increase the absorptive area of proximal convoluted tubule cells? | show 🗑
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| Match each component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus with its description. Mesangial cells | show 🗑
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| Match each component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus with its description. Juxtaglomerular cells | show 🗑
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| Match each component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus with its description. Macula densa cells | show 🗑
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| show | reabsorption
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Filtration is the movement of fluid from the blood into the glomerular capsule.
Tubular secretion moves substances from the blood into the tubular fluid.
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| In the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, what is adjusted? | show 🗑
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| In tubular reabsorption, the route in which substances pass through the cytoplasm and out the base of epithelial cells is called the __________ route. | show 🗑
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| show | vasoconstriction
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| show | Antiport
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| show | It increases the BP.
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| show | 65%
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| show | Obligatory water reabsorption
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| show | From the tubular fluid into the blood
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| The maximum rate of reabsorption determined by the number of transport proteins for a substance is called ___________ maximum. | show 🗑
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| show | Tight junctions
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| Choose all the wastes that are removed from the blood by tubular secretion. | show 🗑
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| Sodium is transported into the cells of the PCT by a protein that simultaneously moves it and another solute in the same direction. This type of transport protein is called a(n) Blank______. | show 🗑
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| Choose all the solutes that are reabsorbed from the nephron loop. | show 🗑
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| Angiotensin II stimulates the renal cortex to secrete which of the following? | show 🗑
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| show | 20%
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| About how much water is reabsorbed the PCT? | show 🗑
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| Which renal tubule segments are influenced by aldosterone? | show 🗑
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| Which defines the transport maximum? | show 🗑
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| show | To adjust the concentration of urine
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| How is morphine removed from the blood? | show 🗑
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| When a person is well hydrated, which of the following occurs? | show 🗑
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| show | 25%
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| show | The reabsorption of water and salts
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| Choose all of the following that the nephron loop carries out to create the countercurrent multiplier mechanism. | show 🗑
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| show | sodium/N/Na+
Potassium/K/K+
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| Which structure acts as a countercurrent exchanger? | show 🗑
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| One collecting duct receives tubular fluid from which of the following? | show 🗑
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| show | Pale yellow and transparent
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| show | It increases their permeability.
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| show | The concentration of urine
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| show | A low urine output
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| The ______________ loop of the nephron acts as a countercurrent multiplier. | show 🗑
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| What is renal clearance? | show 🗑
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| The __________ recta within the medulla of the kidney acts as a countercurrent exchanger. | show 🗑
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| The tubes that convey urine from the kidneys to the bladder are called what? | show 🗑
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| show | hydration
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| show | detrusor
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| show | aquaporins
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| show |
Male urethra
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| show | Polyuria
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| show | Micturition
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| The volume of blood plasma from which a particular waste is completely removed in one minute is called renal _________ | show 🗑
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| show | Ureter
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| show | trigone
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| Which describes the urethra? | show 🗑
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| The process of urination, or voiding urine is called Blank______. | show 🗑
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