Homework
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| Which of the following statements is true about memory cells? | Memory cells respond to antigens more rapidly than naive T cells.
The action of memory cells is the reason why we can get some diseases more than once.
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| The lymphoid system recovers fluids lost from the _____ to the _____ | vasculature
interstitium
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| The fluids are collected and recirculated into the ______ via diffusion. | cardiovascular system
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| One disease condition that exemplifies the ___ function of the lymphoid system is elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic blockages of the lymphatic vessels, resulting in massive interstitial tissue edema. | fluid reclamation
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| Immune function occurs largely because lymph contains ____ and immunoglobulins, which serve as powerful defense mechanisms against pathogens. | leukocytes
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| Digestive function of the lymphatic system is provided by ___ , which are found in the small intestine and are involved in the process of __ absorption. | lacteals
lipid
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| May defend against a kidney transplant | Natural killer cells
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| Natural killer cells |
Dendritic cells
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| May ingest and destroy bacteria | Macrophages
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| Give rise to cells that secrete antibodies | B lymphocytes
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| The fluid contained inside the lymphatic vessels is referred to as ___ | lymph
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| It is similar to _____ in consistency and appearance. | blood plasma
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| Originating distally in the tissues of the body, excess interstitial fluids are taken up by the _____ , which resemble ___ | lymphatic vessels
veins
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| Accumulations of lymphocytes embedded in connective tissue networks are called ___ | lymphoid tissues
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| The tonsils, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes are all examples of ____ | lymphoid organs
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| Discharge enzymes into a cloud of bactericidal chemicals | Neutrophils
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| Guard against parasites and allergens | Eosinophils
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| Transform into phagocytic macrophages that ingest dead pathogens | Monocytes
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| Include NK cells, which patrol the body looking for diseased host cells | Lymphocytes
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| Secrete histamine, increasing blood flow | Basophils
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| Soluble plasma proteins, known as _____, can be activated in three ways. The classical mechanism requires antibodies. | complement
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| The alternative and ___ pathways of complement activation can both be initiated independent of antibody actions. | lectin
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| One way in which complement activation destroys pathogens is by C3a binding to ___ , which then causes inflammation through histamine and heparin release. | basophils and mast cells
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| By binding ___ to red blood cells, complement can serve as a promoter of__ by transporting these elements to reticular tissue for removal. | antibody-antigen complexes
immune clearance
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| Activated C3b can also directly attach to pathogens and later serve as markers for ___ through a process called opsonization. | phagocytosis
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| Further cascades of reactions caused by C3b encourage the formation of membrane attack complexes in the membranes of pathogens, causing ___ . | cytolysis
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| A ___ is an abnormal elevation of the body temperature. | fever
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| A fever, when allowed to run its course, is actually __ | beneficial
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| Fever can ______ interferon activity. | promote
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| Fever can also ___ tissue repair. | accelerate
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| Lastly, fever will prevent the __ of bacteria and viruses | reproduction
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| What are the lymphoid system's main functions? | Immune surveillance, absorption of lipids, fluid recovery
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| What are monocytes that migrate to the tissue and function as phagocytes called? | Macrophages
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| What are mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues? | Aggregates of lymphoid tissue scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes
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| Which primary lymphoid organ is the site of B cell maturation? | Red bone marrow
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| What is the body's largest lymphoid organ? | Spleen
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| What does the first line of defense against pathogens consist of? | External barriers
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| Which protein inhibits the viral infection of neighboring cells? | Interferon
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| Which cell phagocytizes an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface? | Antigen-presenting cell
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| Which T cell plays an integral role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity? | Helper T cell
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| A severe and immediate local IgE reaction to an allergen within seconds of exposure is called _________blank. | anaphylaxis
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