AP PSYCH Final 12/19
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| psychology | scientific study of behavior and mental processes
🗑
|
||||
| psychiatry | type of psychology that is focused on diagnosing, treating, and curing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
🗑
|
||||
| nature v nurture | nature- most ideas thoughts traits etc are passed down genetically
nurture- mind was a blank slate upon which experience creates
🗑
|
||||
| psychoanalytical approach | Sigmund Freud
unconscious mind
psychoanalytic theory
iceberg theory
defense mechanisms
🗑
|
||||
| biological approach | Hippocrates
genetics
glands
hormones
chemicals
pre-wired personality
🗑
|
||||
| humanistic approach | Maslow
Carl Rogers
gives us the most freedom to choose our behavior and personality
hierarchy of needs
self actualization
🗑
|
||||
| cognitive approach | Julian rotter
mental processes
internal and external locus of control
🗑
|
||||
| sociocultural approach | Zimbardo
#1 approach today
cultural norms, values, and expectation
🗑
|
||||
| clinical psychology | provides continuing and comprehensive help for mental illness medically
🗑
|
||||
| counseling psychology | focus or normative developmental and mental health issues and challenges faced by individuals
🗑
|
||||
| psychopharmacology | study of use of medications in treating mental disorders
🗑
|
||||
| psychometrics | quantification and measurement of mental attributes
🗑
|
||||
| research psychologist | use scientific methods to examine questions and test hypothesis
🗑
|
||||
| applied psychologist | how to put/ apply psychological theories to everyday life
🗑
|
||||
| industrial psychologist | scientifically based solutions to human problems in work or other organizational settings
🗑
|
||||
| theory | a claim that is tested
🗑
|
||||
| hypothesis | a testable statement (if then statement)
🗑
|
||||
| case study | a thorough study of a single person
🗑
|
||||
| naturalistic observation | behavior is observed in a natural setting
🗑
|
||||
| correlation/ causation | correlation- something seems to be connected, circumstantial
causation- they are directly linked
🗑
|
||||
| survey | questionnaires and/or interviews that are used to gather information
🗑
|
||||
| experiment/filed/lab | investigation in which a hypothesis is tested
🗑
|
||||
| control group | group that isn't experimented on
🗑
|
||||
| experimental group | group that is experimented on
🗑
|
||||
| independent variable | variable that is being changed by the scientists
🗑
|
||||
| dependent variable | variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment
🗑
|
||||
| confounding variables | variables that could skew the outcome
🗑
|
||||
| random sampling | randomly select participants for a study so everyone has an even chance of being selected
🗑
|
||||
| placebo | a treatment that seems to be real but really has no effect
🗑
|
||||
| single/double blind studies | single- participants don't know what treatment group they are in but the researchers do
double- neither the participants or researchers know the treatment groups
🗑
|
||||
| researcher/hindsight bias | researcher- encouraging one answer over another
hindsight- "i knew it all along"
🗑
|
||||
| empiricism | based on concerned with or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic
🗑
|
||||
| central nervous system | decision maker
brain
spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| peripheral nervous system | gathers and transmits the decisions
🗑
|
||||
| neurons afferent | towards brain
🗑
|
||||
| neurons efferent | away from brain
🗑
|
||||
| neurons sensory | detect physical and chemical changes
🗑
|
||||
| neurons motor | outgoing messages to the muscles
🗑
|
||||
| dendrite | receiving end, listeners
🗑
|
||||
| axon | transmitter, carries message
🗑
|
||||
| myelin sheath | makes neuron transmission move faster
🗑
|
||||
| threshold | value of the membrane potential that leads to the all or nothing initiation of action potential
🗑
|
||||
| synapse | space between terminal buttons and dendrites
🗑
|
||||
| nodes of ranvier | gaps in the mylien sheath
🗑
|
||||
| neurotransmitters | inhibitory v. excitatory
🗑
|
||||
| acetylcholine | new memories are formed
🗑
|
||||
| endorphins | elevate mood and decrease pain
🗑
|
||||
| serotonin | low levels = depression
🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic nervous system | stress response center
🗑
|
||||
| parasympathetic nervous system | balances sympathetic system
🗑
|
||||
| hindbrain | controls basic life support system
🗑
|
||||
| midbrain | between old and new brain
🗑
|
||||
| forebrain | 'new brain'
🗑
|
||||
| medulla | hindbrain
heartbeat/breathing
🗑
|
||||
| cerebellum | coordinates movement, judges time, non-verbal learning
🗑
|
||||
| thalamus | relay center
🗑
|
||||
| hypothalamus | body maintenance
🗑
|
||||
| reticular formation | collections of brain stem neurons that relay vital messages for survival
🗑
|
||||
| amygdala | hottest aggression and deepest fears
🗑
|
||||
| limbic system | midbrain
🗑
|
||||
| basal ganglia | collection of neurons that are responsible for motor control
🗑
|
||||
| frontal lobe | broca's area
motor cortex
🗑
|
||||
| parietal lobe | somatosensory cortex
🗑
|
||||
| occipital lobe | visual cortex
🗑
|
||||
| temporal lobe | auditory cortex
wernicke's area
🗑
|
||||
| cerebral cortex | covering over cerebellum
mass full of neurons
🗑
|
||||
| motor cortex | motor skills
🗑
|
||||
| sensory cortex | skin senses
🗑
|
||||
| broca's area | LEFT ONLY
muscles involved in producing speech
🗑
|
||||
| wernicke's area | LEFT ONLY
comprehension
🗑
|
||||
| corpus callosum | connecting point between halves of brain
🗑
|
||||
| endocrine system | slower acting than nervous system
Gland Man
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal glands | adrenaline
🗑
|
||||
| pituitary gland | growth
🗑
|
||||
| thyroid gland | controls metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| gonads | reproductive glands
🗑
|
||||
| testosterone | male hormone
🗑
|
||||
| estrogen | female hormone
🗑
|
||||
| androgen | male sex hormone
🗑
|
||||
| split brain therapy | two halves of brain don't communicate
🗑
|
||||
| MRI | magnetic field to see the density of brain material
🗑
|
||||
| PET | what areas of the brain are most active doing certain tasks
🗑
|
||||
| CAT | x-ray structure of the brain
🗑
|
||||
| EEG | look at brain waves
🗑
|
||||
| Lesioning | precise removal of brain tissue
🗑
|
||||
| receptive/expressive aphasia | recpetive - someone is able to speak well but what they say might not make sense
expressive - cannot speak but has comprehension
🗑
|
||||
| parkinsons disease | movement disorder of the nervous system that gets worse over time
🗑
|
||||
| sensation | process of receiving information from the environment
🗑
|
||||
| perception | selecting and interpreting information from environment
🗑
|
||||
| absolute threshold | the point in which a stimulus can be detected 50% of the time
🗑
|
||||
| just noticeable difference (JND) | minimal change in stimulation that can be detected 50% of the time
🗑
|
||||
| weber's law | JND is proportional and varies from stimuli to stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| sensory adaptation | decline in receptor activity when stimuli remains constant
🗑
|
||||
| habituation | sensitivity to stimuli declines after repeated stimuli, but will activate with increase/decrease in stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| hue | subjective quality of color
🗑
|
||||
| intensity (eye) | minimum luminescence required to produce a visual sensation
🗑
|
||||
| cornea | protective layer of eye, outer surface
🗑
|
||||
| iris | muscle in eye
🗑
|
||||
| pupil | dilates and constricts depending on amount of light
🗑
|
||||
| lens | bends light to form image
🗑
|
||||
| retina | hundreds of thousands of receptor cells
TRANSDUCTION
🗑
|
||||
| cones | center of retina
detects color in brighter light
🗑
|
||||
| rods | periphery of retina
see at night, no color
🗑
|
||||
| accommodation | when new information or existing information effect your schemas
🗑
|
||||
| optic nerve | where axons are located to send messages to the brain
🗑
|
||||
| blind spot | optic nerve
where all the axons pass out of the eye to the brain
🗑
|
||||
| ganglion cells | relay information from retina to optic nerve
🗑
|
||||
| bipolar cells | transmits impulses from eye and transfers them to ganglion cells
🗑
|
||||
| Young- Helmholtz Theory | we only have 3 types of color receptors
🗑
|
||||
| opponent process theory | each cone has opposite color on it
two colors on each cone
🗑
|
||||
| color constancy | ability to perceive colors as relatively constant over varying illuminations
🗑
|
||||
| audition | energy sense
sound waves
🗑
|
||||
| frequency | frequency of neural impulses sent up auditory nerve
🗑
|
||||
| pitch | number of waves per seconds that pass a certain point
🗑
|
||||
| intensity (ear) | minimum amount of noise in order to stimulate hearing
🗑
|
||||
| middle ear | malleus
incus
stapes
🗑
|
||||
| inner ear | semicircular
cochlea
🗑
|
||||
| pinna | outer ear
🗑
|
||||
| cochlea | TRANSDUCTION
🗑
|
||||
| basilar membrane | contains hair cells and act as the sensory receptors in the ear
🗑
|
||||
| somatosensation | touch
🗑
|
||||
| pressure, temp, and pain in relation to touch | 3 skin senses
lips and nose are most sensitive to pressure ; toes are least
🗑
|
||||
| gate control theory | some people are wired to feel more pain and vice versa
🗑
|
||||
| kinesthesis | our body knows where are limbs are in relation to eachother
🗑
|
||||
| validity | it accurate and precise
🗑
|
||||
| reliability | if something is the same over multiple experiments
🗑
|
||||
| bell curve | continuous probable distribution that is symmetrical on both sides of the mean
🗑
|
||||
| standard deviation | how spread out the data set is
🗑
|
||||
| mean | average of the data set
🗑
|
||||
| median | middle values
🗑
|
||||
| mode | highest repeated number
🗑
|
||||
| type A | high achievement, competitiveness, impatience
🗑
|
||||
| type B | easy-going, flexible
🗑
|
||||
| personality | a person'a characteristics patters of thinking, feeling, and acting
🗑
|
||||
| id | immediate gratification
little devil
🗑
|
||||
| ego | reality principle
🗑
|
||||
| superego | conscious, knowing right from wrong
little angel
🗑
|
||||
| defense mechanisms | what ego uses in order to cope
🗑
|
||||
| repression | preventing thoughts from entering consciousness
🗑
|
||||
| regression | going backward to an earlier stage of development
🗑
|
||||
| projection | seeing your own thoughts or motives in others
🗑
|
||||
| sublimation | channeling prohibited impulses into socially acceptable activities
🗑
|
||||
| thematic apperception test (TAT) | show someone a photos and have them create a story
🗑
|
||||
| trait | characteristics
🗑
|
||||
| personality inventory | long questionnaires that assess several traits at once
🗑
|
||||
| MMPI | personality inventroy test
personality test
🗑
|
||||
| self actualization | becoming the best version of yourself
🗑
|
||||
| self esteem | how we value and perceive ourselves
🗑
|
||||
| external locus of control | destiny or luck
🗑
|
||||
| internal locus of control | in control
🗑
|
||||
| gesalt | belief that when we see information we look for patterns
🗑
|
||||
| figure ground | objects related to their surrounding
🗑
|
||||
| grouping | proximity
similarity
continuation
closure
How we group things together
🗑
|
||||
| proximity | closer together
GROUPING
🗑
|
||||
| similarity | color, size, shape
GROUPING
🗑
|
||||
| continuation | the ability to create continuous patterns
🗑
|
||||
| closure | fill in the blank
GROUPING
🗑
|
||||
| depth perception | two types
monocular
binocular
how we perceive distance
🗑
|
||||
| visual cliff | used to investigate depth perception
🗑
|
||||
| binocular cues | using both eyes
🗑
|
||||
| monocular cues | using one eye
🗑
|
||||
| retinal disparity | left and right vision give different images when focusing on a single object
🗑
|
||||
| convergence | finer focus
Binocular
🗑
|
||||
| relative size | similar objects can differ in size
smaller = further away
larger = closer
🗑
|
||||
| linear perspective | train tracks
🗑
|
||||
| perceptual constancy | keeping an object constant even though on retina it is consistently change (light, angle, distance)
🗑
|
||||
| ESP | telepathy
🗑
|
||||
| parapsychology | the study of things that cannot be proved using scientific psychology
🗑
|
||||
| olfaction | sense of smell
🗑
|
||||
| cilia | microscopic hair-like cells on the surface of cells that beat in unison to create movement
🗑
|
||||
| gustation | taste
🗑
|
||||
| papillae (taste buds ) | packed together = no hot food (tasters)
loosly packed = hot food (non tasters)
🗑
|
||||
| consciousness | level of awareness about yourself and your surroundings
🗑
|
||||
| subconsciousness | monitoring things you are not attending to in conscious awareness
🗑
|
||||
| unconscious | repressed thoughts, dreams, odd behavior
🗑
|
||||
| circadian rhythm | body's clock
🗑
|
||||
| REM | rapid eye movement
barely asleep
🗑
|
||||
| NREM | stages of sleep
🗑
|
||||
| alpha waves | awake
🗑
|
||||
| delta waves | NREM 3
deep sleep
🗑
|
||||
| insomnia | dissatisfaction of one's amount of sleep
🗑
|
||||
| narcolepsy | affects the brains ability to control sleep-wake cycles
🗑
|
||||
| sleep apnea | cannot reach NREM 3 (deep sleep)
🗑
|
||||
| night terrors | sit up and scream
🗑
|
||||
| incubus attacks | hallucination of an incubus on your chest
🗑
|
||||
| nightmares | disturbing dream associated with bad feelings that awakens you
🗑
|
||||
| manifest content | the actual images, thoughts, and content contained within the dream
🗑
|
||||
| latent content | symbolic meaning of a dream
🗑
|
||||
| hypnosis | brink of awareness but instead of perceiving your surrounding, you perceive your emotions and memories
🗑
|
||||
| posthypnotic amnesia | difficulty remembering after hypnosis
🗑
|
||||
| psychoactive drug | can alter state of consciousness by affecting state of behavior, mood, and perception
🗑
|
||||
| tolerance | must make more of the substance to create the same effect
🗑
|
||||
| depressents | sedatives
alcohol
🗑
|
||||
| hallucinogens | LSD
marijuana
PCP
serotonin
🗑
|
||||
| stimulants | cocaine
meth
nicotine
caffeine
excite neural activity
🗑
|
||||
| withdrawal | is use of substance is stopped then there would be physical and psychological effects
🗑
|
||||
| developmental psychology | study of why and how human functioning delevops and changes over time
🗑
|
||||
| chromosomes | rod shaped structures in DNA and genes found on them
🗑
|
||||
| genes | code that DNA is arranged into
🗑
|
||||
| recessive genes | a gene that carries information to DNA
🗑
|
||||
| dominant genes | expresses itself more dominantly than other genes
🗑
|
||||
| maturation | sequence of growth and change relatively independent of external events
🗑
|
||||
| schema | person's knowledge about a situation
🗑
|
||||
| assimilation | making new information fit within your existing world
🗑
|
||||
| sensorimotor stage | birth - 2 yrs
investigative actions and consequences
object permanance developed
🗑
|
||||
| object permanence | ability to understand that even though you cannot see something, it is there
🗑
|
||||
| ego centrism | only aware of their perspective
🗑
|
||||
| peroperational stage | 2-7 yrs
start to use language to represent objects
thinking occurs but it is absent
🗑
|
||||
| conservation | amount stays the same even though shape changes
🗑
|
||||
| concrete operational stage | 8-12 yrs
conservation takes place
can draw a map - start to see overall picture
🗑
|
||||
| formal operational stage | 12 -
start to think in abstract terms
🗑
|
||||
| preconventional | youngest group made decisions to avoid punishment, how would action affect them
🗑
|
||||
| post conventional | true moral reasoning
societal rules are not blindly followed
🗑
|
||||
| conventional | moral reasoning is based off of how others will see your actions
social approval
🗑
|
||||
| psychosexual development | sensual pleasure of the world
freud
🗑
|
||||
| latency stage | 6-12
development of moral code, defense mechanisms
🗑
|
||||
| phallic stage | gender identity
🗑
|
||||
| genital stage | focus on sexual pleasure through sex organs
🗑
|
||||
| anal stage | toilet training
🗑
|
||||
| erik erikson | psychosocial stages
🗑
|
||||
| piaget | 4 stages of cognitive development
🗑
|
||||
| kohlberg | morality development
🗑
|
||||
| freud | psychosexual stages
🗑
|
||||
| oedipus complex | child's attachment to the parent of the opposite sex
🗑
|
||||
| fixation (freud) | if one of the psychosexual stages was not fulfilled then they will have a fixation on that stage
🗑
|
||||
| william james | 1 president of APA
first major psychology book
🗑
|
||||
| wilhelm wundt | set up first psychological lab
🗑
|
||||
| sigmund frued | psychoanalysis, unconscious mind, psychosexual approach
🗑
|
||||
| carl jung | analytical psychology
🗑
|
||||
| harry harlow | maternal seperation
dependency needs
social isolation experiments
monkeys
🗑
|
||||
| abraham maslow | humanistic psychology
hierarchy of needs
🗑
|
||||
| stanley milgram | milgram experiment
learning and punishment
🗑
|
||||
| carl rogers | humanistic approach
🗑
|
||||
| philippe pinel | moral therapy
🗑
|
||||
| mary ainsworth | child psychology
🗑
|
||||
| charles darwin | theory of evolution
evolutionary perspective
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
stella_koe
Popular Psychology sets