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Pschology Final Exam Review (part 2)

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Term
Definition
Bipolar 2   Must have at least 2 major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode  
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Bipolar 2   Must have at least 2 major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode  
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Schizophrenia   Psychological disorder that can include delusions, hallucinations, and abnormal motor behaviors  
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Psychosis   Loss of contact with reality that is severes and chronic  
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delusions   false beliefs without evidence  
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Hallucinations   "perception-like" experience that the indivual believes is real  
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Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia   synthesis, release, and concentrations of dopamine are all elevated  
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Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia   synthesis, release, and concentrations of dopamine are all elevated  
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positive Symptoms of Schzophrenia   distortion of normal behavior include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech  
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positive Symptoms of Schzophrenia   distortion of normal behavior include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech  
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Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia   absence of expected behaviors  
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Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia   absence of expected behaviors  
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Autism spectrum disorder   some degree of difficulty with social interaction and communication  
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Autism spectrum disorder   some degree of difficulty with social interaction and communication  
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Personality disorders   impairments in cognition, emotional responses, intrapersonal functioning and impulse control  
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anti-social personality disorder   unethical behavior, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, disregard for others  
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borderline personality disorder   suffer from feelings of emptiness and incomplete sense of self  
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dissociative disorder   disturbances in normal psychological functioning; disturbance in memory, perception, or identity  
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Dissociative Amnesia   Difficulty in remembering important personal information  
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Dissociative Fugue   wandering in a confused and disorganized manner  
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Dissociative Identity Disorder   "multiple personality" disorder; rare condition  
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Anorexia Nervosa   self-imposed restriction on calories needed to maintain a healthy weight  
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Bulimia Nervosa   recurrent episodes of binge eating in short periods of time  
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Binge Eating Disorder   epidodes of excessive eating; no purging  
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Memory   learning that persists over time  
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Encoding   Getting information into our brain  
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Storage   Retaining information  
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Retrieval   getting information back out  
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Sensory Memory   feeds our active working memory, recording momentary images  
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Short-Term Memory   small amount of information is stored for a short-period of time  
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Long-Term Memory   Storage where information is more or less stored permanently  
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Iconic Memory   A fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli  
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Eidetic Memory   ability to vividly recall an image you are exposed to, but only briefly  
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Echoic Memory   Fleeting memory of auditory stimuli  
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Working Memory   A stage where short-term memory combine with long-term memory  
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Implicit Memory   Encoding without our conscious awareness through automatic processing  
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Effortful Processing   Encoding information through conscious attention and effort  
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Explicit Memory   Facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare ; encoded through effortful processing  
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  Involves thinking about the meaning of information and connecting it to other already stored memory  
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Massed Practice   cramming may produce short-term memory  
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Distributed Practice   learning information better when our encoding is distributed overtime  
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Retrieval Cue   weeks of associations interconnected with others  
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Priming   Activation of our associations without our awareness  
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Recall   Retrieving that is not currently in our conscious awareness but learned earlier  
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Recognition   identifying items previously learned  
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Serial Position Effect   The tendency to recall best the last and the first items on a list  
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Encoding Specificity Principle   Cues and context specific to certain memory allow better recall  
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Mood Congruence   Tendency to recall experiences consistent with current mood  
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Encoding Failure   Inability to encode information into short or longterm memory by not rehearsing  
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Storage Failure   Inability to store information in long-term memory even if encoded properly  
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Retrieval Failure   Inability to access information in long-term memory for retrieval  
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Proactive interference   Tendency for prior learning to disrupt recall of new information  
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Retroactive Interference   Tendency for new learning to disrupt recall of all information  
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Rich False Memories   Memories (often persistent) of events that never happened  
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Anterograde Amnesia   Inability to form new memories  
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Retrograde Amnesia   Inability to recall old information.  
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