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Economics- Edexcel 4.4.3

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
Main functions of a central bank   show
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show setting base rate, deciding on QE, possible exchange rate intervention in managed floating or fixed  
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show supervision of stability of wider financial system to reduce systemic risk, prudential policies designed to maintain financial stability during times of crisis and high volatility  
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show lender of last resort, managing liquidity, overseeing the payments systems  
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show handling government debts  
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show promote monetary and financial stability  
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Monetary stability means   show
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show look at a range of demand/supply-side indicators that impact inflationary pressures and decide the policy interest rates  
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MPC   show
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Expansionary monetary policies   show
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Deflationary monetary policies   show
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Aim of expansionary monetary policy   show
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show lower AD  
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show when the nominal interest rate is close or equal to zero and central banks find that they have run out of room to stimulate AD during a slowdown or recession  
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show risk averse banks are required to hold more capital and charge a premium on new loans/private sector businesses and consumers are low on confidence and focussed on cutting their existing debt rather than taking out new loans  
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show fiscal policy(larger budget deficit for AD)/central banks supply or use negative interest rates to reduce real interest rates/switch to a managed floating exchange rate to seek competitive depreciation  
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show Bank of England creates new money to buy assets, increased demand for gov bonds increases prices, causes a fall in the yield on a bond, use money from sold bonds to buy other assets causing injection of cash  
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show how much income an investment generates, separate from the principal  
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show wealth effect, borrowing cost effect, lending effect, currency effect  
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wealth effect   show
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borrowing cost effect   show
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lending effect   show
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currency effect   show
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show FPC, PRA, FCA, CMA  
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FPC   show
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show prudential regulation authority  
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FCA   show
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CMA   show
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show protect against market failure/encourage confidence/allow Central Bank to perform its other roles/prevent systemic risk within financial markets  
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show identify, monitor and take actions to remove or reduce risks that threaten the resilience of the UK financial system  
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What does the FPC do?   show
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show tell commercial banks and other lenders to increase their capital buffet to help absorb unexpected losses on their assets  
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Macro-prudential policy   show
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show adjusts capital based on individual institutions' risks  
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Main role of PRA   show
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show insurance providers, buy-to-let mortgage lenders, credit unions  
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Liquidity ratio   show
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show requires commercial banks to keep enough liquid assets to get through a 30 day market crisis  
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show cash & balances with central banks + government bonds / bank’s total assets  
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show measures the funds a bank has in reserve against the riskier assets it holds that could be vulnerable in the event of a crisis  
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show the portion of a company's net income that is not paid out as dividends to shareholders but is instead retained within the company for various purposes  
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Counter cyclical capital buffer rate in UK   show
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show upswing in credit cycle, downswing in credit cycle  
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show commercial banks are required to build up extra capital reserves  
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show commercial banks have more capital to help absorb losses  
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show indicator of the ability of a bank or building society to absorb losses  
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show capital / exposures  
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show more that the bank or building society relies on debt to fund their activities  
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show assess commercial banks’ ability not just to withstand severe shocks but to maintain the supply of credit to the real economy under severe pressure  
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Stress tests use what?   show
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show economic outcomes that lie well outside the mainstream forecasts  
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