& Gender Diversity
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| Sexual Functioning | what happens in the body during sexual activity
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| Gender Identity | individuals' perception of themselves as male or female compared to assigned sex at birth, gender expression, sexual/romantic orientation
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| Sexual Dysfunctions | set of disorders in which people have difficulty responding sexually or experiencing sexual pleasure
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| What's the criteria to be diagnosed with a sexual dysfunction? | - occurs most times for AT LEAST 6 MONTHS
- causes significant DISTRESS or IMPAIRMENT
- not due to another (nonsexual) psychiatric problem
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| anorgasmia | the inability to have an orgasm (women)
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| what is anorgasmia also known as? | female orgasmic disorder
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| What are the phases in the sexual response cycle? | desire -> arousal -> plateau -> orgasm -> resolution
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| What is one disease that often goes undiagnosed and that lowers sex drive, arousal, enjoyment, and satisfaction in sexual activities? | diabetes
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| What does paraphilia mean? | beyond usual love
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| Paraphilic Disorders | attractions to nonliving objects, children, or nonconsenting adults, or causing suffering or humiliation to oneself or a partner
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| Biological causes of sexual dysfunction in women | low levels of estrogen & androgens, antihistamines, vaginal contraceptives, radiation therapy, infections, & endometriosis
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| biological causes of sexual dysfunction in men | low levels of testosterone & androgen or high levels of estrogen & prolactin
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| Male Hypoactive Disorder | little desire for sexual activity, desires, or fantasies
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| what medications can affect sexual functioning? | antidepressants, antihypertensive, & antipsychotic meds
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| what substances/drugs impact sexual functioning? | alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, marijuana, meth
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| female sexual arousal disorder | little interest in sexual activity / lack of arousal during sexual activity
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| erectile disorder | inability to maintain or attain an erection
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| premature ejaculation | recurrent ejaculation within 1 min of sexual activity when not desired
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| delayed ejaculation | delayed, infrequent, or the absence of an ejaculation
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| genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder | pain or tightening of pelvic muscles (females) during penetration
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| performance anxiety | worrying about being aroused & having an orgasm that it interferes w/ sexual functioning
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| what are commonly used to treat sexual dysfunction? | psychosocial & sex therapies & biological interventions
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| Fetishistic disorder | use of nonliving objects or nongenital body parts for sexual arousal or gratification
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| Transvestic Disorder | dressing in the clothes of the opposite sex to become sexually aroused
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| Sexual Sadism Disorder | sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve inflicting pain & humiliations on the sex partner
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| Sexual Masochism Disorder | sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve personally enduring pain or humiliation during sex
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| Voyeurism | watching another person undress, do things nude, or have sex
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| Voyeuristic Disorder | voyeuristic behavior repeated over 6 months & compulsive (causes distress and/or impairment)
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| Exhibitionism | obtaining sexual gratification by exposing genitals to involuntary observers
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| Exhibitionistic Disorder | exhibitionistic behavior causing distress & impairment
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| What's the most common treatment for female/male hypoactive disorder? | hormone therapy
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| What is it called when a partner has expectations about what will take place during a sexual encounter & about each partner's responsibilities? | sexual scripts
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| sensate focus therapy | reducing anxiety by focusing on pleasurable sensations
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| stop-start technique | used to treat early ejaculation - alternating stimulation to avoid early ejaculation
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| squeeze technique | used to treat early ejaculation - pressing the penis to cause a partial loss of erection
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| Pedophilic Disorder | sexual fantasies, urges, & behaviors focused on prepubescent children (13 or younger)
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| Ephebophilia | primarily attracted to late or post-adolescents, or children who have gone through puberty & have advanced signs of adult sexual maturation (15 - 19yrs)
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| out of all the paraphilic disorders, voyeurism is the most common... | illegal paraphilia with the highest incidence rate
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| Gender Dysphoria | discrepancies between individual's gender identity & biological sex
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| Frotteuristic Disorder | gaining sexual gratification from rubbing against & fondling body parts of a NON-consenting person
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| Gender Dysphoria treatments | - gender affirming surgery
- cross-sex hormone therapy (HRT)
- real-life experience in the desired gender role
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| Biological influences on gender dysphoria | - prenatal hormonal effects on brain development
- genetic abnormalities
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| Criteria for Pedophilic Disorder | must be AT LEAST 16yrs & at least 5yrs older than the child
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| Cognitive Theories for Pedophilic Disorder | - head injury before 13
- cognitive & memory deficits
- lower intelligence
- differences in brain structure volume
- dysfunctions in frontal areas of brain
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| Aversion Therapy | extinguishing the sexual responses to objects or situations that one finds arousing by associating them w/ negative stimuli
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