GRE
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| • Theory | show 🗑
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| show | testable prediction, often implied by a theory
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| show | tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it (I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon)
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| • Hypothesis testing | show 🗑
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| show | the IV (treatment) has no effect on the DV for the population
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| show | the IV (treatment) will have an effect on the DV for the population
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| a. Type I error | show 🗑
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| b. Type II error | show 🗑
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| show | repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced. If similar results are reported, then confidence in the finding’s reliability grows
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| show | carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. E.g., “human intelligence” may be operationalized as what an intelligence test measures
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| show | average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the # of scores
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| show | middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it (you have to arrange the scores from highest to lowest).
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| show | most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
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| • Range | show 🗑
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| • Standard deviation | show 🗑
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| show | these data form a symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68% fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes
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| 1. Experimentation | show 🗑
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| show | an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable)
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| • Random assignment | show 🗑
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| show | group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the IV
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| show | group NOT exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment
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| show | anything that can vary and is feasible and ethical to measure
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| show | in an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; effect is being studied. It is NOT influenced by other factors such as:
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| o Dependent variable (DV) | show 🗑
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| o Confounding variables | show 🗑
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| • Double-blind procedure | show 🗑
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| • Placebo effect | show 🗑
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| • Cons to experimental research | show 🗑
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| 2. Descriptive | show 🗑
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| show | one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
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| show | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
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| show | obtaining self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
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| show | small changes in the order or wording can make a big difference in someone’s expressed opinions
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| show | • This is a measure of the extent to which 2 factors vary together, and thus how well either factor predicts the other
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| • Correlation coefficient | show 🗑
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| show | indicates a direct relationship, meaning that 2 things increase together or decrease together (e.g., height and weight) (above 0 to +1.00)
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| o Negative correlation | show 🗑
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| • Regression toward the mean | show 🗑
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| show | perceiving a relationship when none exists, or perceiving a stronger-than-actual relationship
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| show | fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
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| • Population | show 🗑
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| • Statistical significance | show 🗑
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| Population-specific error | show 🗑
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| show | when a sample is selected from the wrong population data
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| show | when a useful response is not obtained from the surveys because researchers we unable to contact potential respondents (or potential respondents refused to respond)
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| show | 2 columns; one column lists the categories, and the other for frequencies with which the items in the categories occur (how many items fit into each category).
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| show | to present correlations between quantitative variables when the IV has, or is organized into, a relatively small number of levels. Each point on the graph represents the mean score on the DV for participants at 1 level of the IV
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| show | summarizes set of data. Shape of the boxplot shows how the data is distributed and it shows any outliers. It’s a useful way to compare different sets of data
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| • Pie charts | show 🗑
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| show | like a bar graph, but the x-axis is a number line; they’re bar charts for continuous data
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| show | when researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to see if any changes may happen over a period of time (type of correlational research)
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| show | collect data from multiple individuals at a single point in time. You observe the variables without influencing them
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
ismary