Research Methods 3
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| How many conditions required in any experiment | at least 2
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| One way design | 1 IV, 1 main effect, no interactions, at least 2 conditions
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| Two way design | 2 IVs, 2 main effects, 1 interaction, at least 2 conditions
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| Between subjects designs | IV manipulated across groups
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| Randomized groups | participants randomly assigned to each condition
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| Matched participants | matched using subject variable to make groups equal
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| Within subjects designs | every participant assigned to all levels
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| Factorial designs | at least 2 IVs, at least 2 levels each (2X2)
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| Main effect | effect of only one variable, ignores other variables (=number IVs)
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| Interaction | the effect of one variable depends on another variable
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| Inferential statistics | used to determine if difference is large enough to be due to something other than EV
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| p-value | probability effect caused by EV
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| alpha value | p-value, .05, probability effect caused by EV
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| Type I error | wrongly reject null
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| Type II error | wrongly fail to reject null
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| Worse type of error | Type I error
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| Effect size | strength of relationship btw variables
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| Variance accounted for | proportion accounted for by a different variable
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| Cohen's D equation | difference in group means/EV
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| Criticism of NHST | P doesn't provide effect size
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| Confidence interval | range of likely values for population mean (M+/-2.5)
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| Effect size equation | systematic variance/total variance
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| Pearson's R | measures effect size using systematic difference
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| Cohen's D | measures effect size using difference of means
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| When is the t-test used? | two-group experiment
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| Directional hypothesis | predicts how means will differ
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| Nondirectional hypothesis | predicts that means will be different
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| t-test | difference of means/EV; positive or negative
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| t>critical value | statistically significant difference
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| t<critical value | statistically insignificant difference
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| Criticism of multiple t-tests | increases type 1 error by 5%
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| When is ANOVA used? | more than two groups
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| F ratio | systematic variance/error variance; positive (uses square root of T)
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| Idiographic research | individuals
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| Nomothetic research | groups
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| Interparticipant variance | differences between participants
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| Intraparticipant variance | differences in individual over time/situation
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| ABAB design | singe-subject baseline design
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| ABACAC/ABC design | multiple interventions
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| When is multiple baseline design used? | When returning to baseline not possible
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