Chapter 16,18,19,20
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| What results when systemic blood pressure is increased? | Vasoconstriction
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| Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to | rupture.
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| Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria? | 128/82
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| Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the | conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
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| Constrictive pericarditis is associated with | impaired cardiac filling.
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| Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with | antiplatelet drugs.
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| An example of an acyanotic heart defect is | ventricular septal defect.
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| Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina. | Prinzmetal variant
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| A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience | syncope.
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| Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at | decreasing myocardial oxygen demands.
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| The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in | non-Hispanic black adults.
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| Mitral stenosis is associated with | a pressure gradient across the mitral valve.
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| Pulse pressure is defined as | systolic pressure – diastolic pressure.
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| Hypertension is closely linked to | obstructive sleep apnea.
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| Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100? Correct! | Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118
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| Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of | cardiac tamponade.
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| The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is | ST-segment elevation.
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| Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of | peripheral pooling of blood.
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| Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom? | Edema
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| In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing? | Class II, Compensated Stage
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| A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n) Correct! | elderly woman without a previous history of MI.
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| A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock. | septic
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| Lusitropic impairment refers to | impaired diastolic relaxation.
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| Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of | baroreceptor activity.
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| The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with | antibiotics.
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| Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to | pulmonary stenosis.
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| In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately? | Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute
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| Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of | nitric oxide.
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| Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms? | Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)
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| A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock. | obstructive
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| A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing | acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
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| Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock. | cardiogenic
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| Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock? | Anaphylactic
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| In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with | high cardiac output.
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| Left-sided heart failure is characterized by | pulmonary congestion.
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| Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of | β-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
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| Aortic regurgitation is associated with | diastolic murmur.
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| The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of | apoptosis.
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| Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100? | Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118
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| Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with | acute onset of left ventricular dysfunction.
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| A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is | stable angina.
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| While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding? Correct! | Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.
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| What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume? | Tachycardia
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| Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure. | mean arterial
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| Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by | lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave.
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| The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is | vasodilation.
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| Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in | systemic vascular resistance.
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| Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells. | renin
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| First-degree heart block is characterized by | prolonged PR interval.
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| Cardiogenic shock is characterized by | reduced cardiac output.
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| The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of | reentry mechanisms
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| A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock? | Septic
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| A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock. | septic
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| Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they | reduce cardiac output.
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| Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class? | Class I
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| In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately? | Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute
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| Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of | peripheral pooling of blood.
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| Sepsis has been recently redefined as | a systemic inflammatory response to infection.
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| Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock? | Crystalloids
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| A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing | acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
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| The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is | digitalis.
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| High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases | afterload
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| A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of | hypertensive crisis
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| A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely | hypotension
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| Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure? | sodium
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| An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by | positioning the arm above the heart level.
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| The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is | reduced cardiac output.
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| A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is | serum potassium.
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| An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of | premature ventricular complexes.
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| Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n) | communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
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| A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm? |
Ventricular escape rhythm
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| A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit | pulmonary congestion with dyspnea.
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| A patient with heart failure who reports intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
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| Cor pulmonale refers to | right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension
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| An elderly patient’s blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would the patient’s left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure? | Left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload.
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| An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by | positioning the arm above the heart level.
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| A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of | mitral regurgitation.
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| Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension | secondary
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| After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of | right-sided heart failure.
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| Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to | decrease left ventricular afterload.
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| Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock? | Septic
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| The progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by |
tachycardia.
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| Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells? | Elevated CK-MB, troponin I, and troponin T
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| Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure? | Sodium
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