Research Methods 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Types of descriptive research | survey, demographic, epidemiological
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| Demographic research | characteristics of a population
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| Epidemiological research | occurence of disease or death
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| Pearson's r applies to what kind of relationships? | linear
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| Range of Pearson's r | -1 to +1
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| Curvilinear relationship | quadratic, correlation inappropriate
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| How many SDs from the mean are outliers? | 3
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| Online outlier | artificially inflates
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| Offline outlier | artificially deflates
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| Partial correlation | remove shared variance of variable we are not interested in
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| True independent variable | a variable a researcher can manipulate
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| Types of true IVs | environmental, instructional, invasive
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| Environmental IV | change in physical or social environment
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| Instructional IV | verabal instructions given to participants
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| Invasive IV | sugery or drugs
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| How many levels for true IV? | must have 2
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| Subject variable | stable characteristics of participants that can't be manipulated
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| Between-subjects study | 1 control group, 1 experimental group
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| Within-subjects study | control and experiment conditions applied to 1 group
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| Systematic variance | variance that is systematically different between groups
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| Treatment variance | variance that occurs due to IV
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| Confound variance | variance that occurs due to any variable other than IV (result could have been from something other than IV if both variables occured at once)
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| Internal validity | accuracy of conclusions
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| Demand characteristics | aspects that indicate to subjects what experimenters are looking for (leads to expectency bias)
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| Single-item measure | one item provides enough information
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| Multi-item measure | set of items required to provide information about a more complex construct (depression, personality)
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| Criteria for causality | covariation, temporal priority (one variable changes before the other), causation when extraneous variables are controlled
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| When do researchers use multi-level modeling? | when there are nested samples
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| Factor analysis | many factors summarized by one factor (Big 5 personality test)
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| Z-score | standard deviation from the mean
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| Regression | relationship between the means of two variables (prediction)
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| Regression equation | Y=mX + b
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| Regression constant | b
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| Regression coefficient | m
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| Multiple regression | more than one predictor, more accurately predicts outcome
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| Multiple regression equation | Y=mX + b + c + d + ....
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| Simultaneous multiple regression | all predictors in same equation
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| Step-wise multiple regression | one predictor added to equation at a time
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| What does variation in the predictor variable tell us | % systematic variance in the outcome variable
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| Order effects | the order in which participants are given questions affects their responses
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| How are order effects controlled? | counterbalancing
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| Counerbalancing | one part of sample completes conditions in a certain order and the other completes them in a different order
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