Economics- Edexcel 4.1.8
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show | the rate or price at which one country’s currency can be exchanged for other currencies in the foreign exchange market
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show | a weighted index of sterling’s value against a basket of currencies where the weights are based on the importance / share of trade between the UK and each country
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show | free-floating currency/managed-floating currency/fixed exchange rate system
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show | where the external value of a currency depends wholly on market forces of supply and demand (there is no central bank intervention to influence a currency’s price)
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managed-floating currency | show 🗑
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show | opposite of a floating currency where currencies trade at an officially announced level and market forces don’t move the value of a currency from day to day
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depreciation | show 🗑
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devaluation | show 🗑
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show | a rise in the value of a currency in a floating exchange rate system
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revaluation | show 🗑
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show | an inflow of money into an economy
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show | demand for a country’s exports of goods and services and from speculators looking to profit from changes in currency values and from currency volatility
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show | currencies whose value is expected to rise and where relative interest rates on money deposited into a country are high
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show | an outflow of money from an economy
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supply of a currency determined | show 🗑
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free-floating currency system | show 🗑
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how is the external value of the currency set by market forces? | show 🗑
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show | trade or current account balances/FDI/portfolio investment/interest rate differentials
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show | countries that have strong trade and current account surpluses tend to see their currencies appreciate as money flows into the circular flow from exports of goods and services and from inflows of investment income
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portfolio investment in a floating system | show 🗑
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FDI in a floating system | show 🗑
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interest rate differentials in a floating system | show 🗑
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managed exchange rate | show 🗑
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show | buying to support a currency or selling to weaken a currency
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show | currency is a key target
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main tools for managing floating exchange rates | show 🗑
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show | occur when a government deliberately intervenes to drive down the value of their currency to provide a lift to AD, output and jobs in export industries
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show | when faced with a deflationary recession or to attract FDI
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competitive devaluations other name | show 🗑
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risks involved with competitive devaluations | show 🗑
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show | government or central bank fixes the currency value/pegged exchange rate becomes the official rate/adjustable currency peg system
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show | a foreign currency that is held in significant quantities by central banks or other monetary authorities as part of their foreign exchange reserves
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ways exchange rates impact business activity | show 🗑
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SPICED | show 🗑
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show | length of time lags/scale of change/temporary or long lasting change/coefficients of price elasticity of demand for X&M/size of multiplier & accelerator effects/when currency movement takes place/type & degree of openness of economy
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show | reduces need for central bank to hold large amounts of currency reserves/freedom to set monetary policy interest rates/insulation after an external shock/offers partial automatic correction for trade deficit/less risk of becoming undervalued
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disadvantages of floating exchange rates | show 🗑
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advantages of fixed exchange rates | show 🗑
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disadvantages of fixed exchange rates | show 🗑
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