Pharm1 Test3 Neuromuscular Blockers and Neurotransmission
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| show | Chemical and electrical.
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| show | Neurotransmitters.
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| show | Passive and active conduction.
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| What is the normal resting potential of most cells? | show 🗑
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| show | Intra: 15, extra: 145.
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| What are intra and extra K+ levels? | show 🗑
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| show | Intra: 10, extra: 150.
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| show | Intra: 0.0001, extra: 2.
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| show | K+.
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| show | K+.
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| show | Passive electrical conductance.
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| Axonic conduction is active or passive electrical conductance? | show 🗑
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| Axonic conduction involves what channels? | show 🗑
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| show | Na+-K+ ATPase to restore chemical equilibrium.
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| Where is axonic conduction initiated? | show 🗑
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| show | Myelination, lower resting potential, increasing Na+ channel density, and increasing Axonal diameter.
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| What are the two ways myelination increases conduction rates? | show 🗑
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| show | Ca++ channel stimulation.
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| show | Ca++ released from storage in sarcoplasm.
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| show | Increased Ca++ leads to biochemical change allowing fusion of vesicles with inner cell membrane.
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| What happens after increased Ca++ leads to biochemical change allowing fusion of vesicles with inner cell membrane. | show 🗑
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| What happens after Ca++ rapidly removed back into sarcoplasm? | show 🗑
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| What happens after fused vesicles open to synaptic space, releasing contents into synaptic cleft? | show 🗑
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| show | Transported down axon from cell body.
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| show | One quanta.
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| show | Estimated at 5,000 – 10,000 molecules.
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| True or false: neurotransmitters are the only substances in vesicles. | show 🗑
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| What are the excitatory neurotransmitters? | show 🗑
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| show | Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA), and Glycine.
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| The ganglionic blockers were primarily experimental. What were they used for? | show 🗑
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| D-tubocurarine chloride is derived from what plant? | show 🗑
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| Why did S. American Indians use curare? | show 🗑
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| Curare was first used in medicine in 1932 to treat... | show 🗑
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| show | False. It was discovered in the 1940's.
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| show | As an aid to mechanical respiration, to prevent trauma during electroconvulsive therapy and as an aid to the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.
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| What is Gallamine? | show 🗑
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| How do depolarizing blockers work? | show 🗑
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| show | Short duration.
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| What is Decamethonium? | show 🗑
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| show | It is comprised of a 10 carbon chain separating two tri-methyl amines (Quats).
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| How does the structure of Decamethonium compare to Ganglionic Blockers? | show 🗑
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| How do non-depolarizing blockers work? | show 🗑
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| show | 3-5, 60.
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| Onset/duration of Cisatracurium? | show 🗑
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| Onset/duration of Pancuronium? | show 🗑
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| show | 1, 20-60.
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| show | 0.5-1, 4-6.
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| Onset/duration of Vecuronium? | show 🗑
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| show | Succinylcholine.
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| What are the CV effects of Succinylcholine, and what causes them? | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperkalemia.
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| How can we reduce Succinylcholine-induced bradycardia? | show 🗑
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| show | Yes, significantly.
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| show | Rocuronium.
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| What are the intermediate-acting NMB? | show 🗑
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| What is the duration of action of the intermediate-acting NMB? | show 🗑
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| What is the long-acting NMB? What is its duration of action? | show 🗑
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| Atracurium and Cisatracurium are metabolized by... | show 🗑
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| show | Atracurium and Cisatracurium.
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| show | Excite the CNS.
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| show | Pancuronium.
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| show | Rocuronium and Vecuronium.
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| Succinylcholine has <blank> histamine-releasing properties | show 🗑
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| Atracurium and Cisatracurium have <blank> histamine-releasing potential; histamine-release is generally dose-related. | show 🗑
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| Agents with histamine-releasing properties have precautions for use in... | show 🗑
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| What are some adverse CV effects seen with histamine release? | show 🗑
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| Agents which lack significant histamine-releasing effects and do not block cardiac muscarinic receptors may be preferred in patients with... | show 🗑
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| What are the NMB that do not significantly release histamine and do not block cardiac muscarinic receptors? | show 🗑
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| show | Pancuronium.
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| show | Muscle paralysis, apnea, dyspnea, or respiratory depression.
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| show | Impair neuromuscular function (e.g., myasthenia gravis) or potentiate the pharmacological actions of neuromuscular blockers (e.g., electrolyte imbalance).
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| show | Small doses should be used.
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| What are some drugs that can potentiate neuromuscular blockade with the non-depolarizing agents? | show 🗑
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| show | Pancuronium, because it inhibits muscarinic receptors.
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| What conditions can increase Pancuronium's SE of tachycardia? | show 🗑
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| What are some effects of histamine release? | show 🗑
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| show | An acute myopathy lasting days to weeks.
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| <Blank> and <blank> has been reported with peripheral intravenous administration of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. | show 🗑
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| MH is initiated by uncontrolled release of <blank> from the <blank> in skeletal muscle. | show 🗑
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| True or false: MH is more commonly seen with depolarizing blockers given with an anesthetic, even though it has also been reported with Succinylcholine alone or a volatile anesthetic alone. | show 🗑
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