Chapter 4
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| Developmental Psychology | The Scientific study of how humans change over lifespan from conception to death
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| What are the stages of brain development? | Neurogenesis, Cell Migration, Differentiation, Synaptogenesis, neuronal cell death, Synapse arrangement
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| Neurogenesis | 1st stage of brain development. Dividing cells become neurons
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| Cell migration | 2nd stage of brain development. Neurons move and start to form clumps of cells that become brain regions
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| Differentiation | Neurons develop into different types
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| Synaptogenesis | Making the billions of connections (synapses) between neurons
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| Neuronal Cell Death | Many cells formed earlier die, mostly because they have incorrect connections. This process stops before birth
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| Synapse rearrangement | Some Synapses are lost and others are formed. This process continues throughout life
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| What are the periods of Prenatal Development | Germinal, Embryotic, and Fetal period (GEF)
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| Germinal Period | Conception - about 2 weeks
Zygote divides rapidly and implants to the uterine wall and placenta forms
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| Embryotic Period | About week 3 to 8
Brian, Spine, major organs and bodily structures begin to form
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| Fetal Period | About week 9 to birth
Brain continues to develop, fetus grows in length and weight, fat accumulates for birthing process
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| Teratogens | Environmental substances that can harm prenatal development
Ex: Legal Drugs, Recreational Drugs, Infections, Environmental factors.
Impact depends on Duration, amount and when the exposer happened
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| Sensitive periods | Time during development when events, such as light deprivation, can have a large affect on brain development and later behavior
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| Secure attachment style | Confident as long as care giver is present, care giver is safe space
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| Avoidant Attachment style | Infant is willing to go off and explore, not really interested in care giver
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| Ambivalent Attachment style | Unwilling to explore. Upset when caregiver leaves and upset when they come back
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| Disorganized Attachment style | No solid attachment style
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| Strange situation | lab setting experiment. identifies attachment style child has to caregiver. What we use to identify which attachment style a child has. How does child respond to reunion and separation from primary care giver
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| Theory of Mind | Child understands that their thoughts are different than others. Something that is acquired not born with
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| Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development | Assimilation: Incorporate new information into existing schemas.
Accommodation: Changes schemas or alters existing ones to incorporate new info that doesnt fit.
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| Schemas (prototype) | Collections of ideas, prior knowledge, and experiences that help organize info and guide thought and behavior.
Example: when you think of a classroom you know the general setup. Board at from with a bunch of chairs facing it.
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| What are Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development? | Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
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| Sensorimotor | Ages 0-2. Starts to learn if you actively do something there is a sensory response
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| Preoperational | Ages 2-7. Uses language to represent objects. Classifying objects by one feature
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| Concrete Operational | Ages 7-12. Starts thinking logically about concrete objects
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| Formal Operational | Ages 12 and up. Can think logically about abstract propositions
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| Development of language | Phonemes: Basic sounds,
Morphemes: Smallest units of sound with meaning
Syntax: Rules about how words are combined making sentences
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| Different stages of the development of language | 1. Crying fussing
2. Babbling: sounds that dont have specific meaning
3. One word stage: Dad, Mom, Hi, Milk
4. Telegraphic speech: Two word phrases
5.Overgeneralization
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| Puberty | Physical changes in the body that are part of sexual development.
Hormones, height and weight increase rapidly
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| Puberty in females | Starts around age 8.
2ndary sex Characteristics: Fat on stomach, hips and breast.
Primary sex Characteristics: mensuration starts
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| Puberty in Males | Starts around age 9.
2ndary sex characteristics: muscles increase, voices drop.
Primary sex characteristics: sperm develops
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| Secondary Sex characteristics | Changes in the body that are not directly related to reproduction but show the differences between races.
Happens first
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| Primary Sex Characteristics | Changes in the body that result in the development and maturation of sexual organs
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| Erikson's Theory of Human Development | Humans personalities continue to develop past the age of 5
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| Erikson theory of human development stages ADD IN RESOLUTIONS | 1. Infancy 0-2 Trust vs Mistrust
2. Toddler 2-3 Autonomy vs shame and doubt
3. Preschool 4-6 Initiative vs guilt
4. Childhood 7-12 Industry vs inferiority
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| Erikson theory of human development stages cont. ADD IN RESOLUTIONS | 5. Adolescents 13-19 Identity vs role confusion
6. Adulthood 20s Intimacy vs isolation
7. Middle Adulthood 30s-50s Generativity vs stagnation
8. Old Age 60s and beyond Integrity vs despair
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| Moral development | How we learn to decide between behavior's with competing social outcomes
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| Kohlberg stages (options) of moral personality | Level 1: Pre-conventional: Right and wrong
Level 2: Conventional: Social approval
Level 3: Post-conventional: Abstract notions of justice (some rules are ment to be broken
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| Heinz Dilemma | Heinz wife is sick, Should he steal medicine. Helps us identify which Kohlberg stage you are at.
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| Assimilation |
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| Accommodation |
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| Phonemes |
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| Morphine's |
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| Syntax |
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| What heppens to the Brian as we age? | Frontal lobe starts to break down
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| Dematia | Damage
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| Alzimers |
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