Dr. Heiny: (Standard 01) Introduction to Matter
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| Compound | a substance made of two or more kinds of atoms that are chemically combined
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| Chemical change | a change in the composition of a substance; a rearrangement of the atoms into a new substance
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| Chemical properties | ability to form new substances
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| Elements | substances containing only one type of atom
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| Matter | has mass and occupies space.
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| Physical change | a change in which the composition of the substance is not altered
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| Chemical reactions | another term for chemical changes
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| Law of constant composition | the number of atoms in a molecule or compound is always the same; e.g. water is always two hydrogens and one oxygen
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| Alloy | A substance that contains a mixture of elements and has metallic properties.
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| Atom | the fundamental unit of which elements are composed; the smallest sample of an element that has all the properties of that element, generally composed of the three subatomic particles (electrons, protons, and neutrons).
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| Chemical change | the change of substances into other substances through a reorganization of the atoms; a chemical reaction.
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| Chemical properties | Exhibited by matter as it undergoes changes in composition; The ability of a substance to change to a different substance.
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| Chromatography | Any of various techniques for the separation of complex mixtures that rely on the differential affinities of substances for a gas or liquid mobile medium and for a stationary adsorbing medium through which they pass, such as paper, gelatin, or magnesia.
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| Compound | A pure substance with constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes.
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| Density | A property of matter representing the mass per unit volume. Density is a derived unit.
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| Distillation | -a method for separating the components of a liquid mixture that depends on differences in the ease of vaporization of the components.
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| Elements | A pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means. It consists of atoms all having the same atomic number.
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| Extensive properties | A non inherent property of a system, such as volume or internal energy, that changes with the quantity of material in the system; the quantitative value equals the sum of the values of the property for the individual constituents
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| Filtration | A method for separating the components of a mixture containing a solid and a liquid.
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| Intensive properties | properties independent of the quantity or shape of the substance under consideration; for example, temperature, pressure, or composition.
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| Gas | One of the three states of matter; has neither fixed shape nor fixed volume
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| Heterogeneous mixture | A mixture that has different properties in different regions of the mixture.
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| Homogeneous mixture | A mixture that is the same throughout; a solution.
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| Law of conservation of energy | energy can be converted from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed.
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| Law of definite composition | Also known as the Law of Constant Composition; The law that a given chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same fixed proportion by weight.
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| Liquid | one of the three states of matter; has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container.
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| Matter | The material of the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space.
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| Mixture | A material of variable composition that contains two or more pure substances. Each component in the mixture retains its own properties.
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| Molecule | a bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same element or different elements.
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| Physical change | a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition
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| Physical properties | A characteristic of a substance that can be observed in the absence of change; that is, without the substance becoming a different substance.
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| Pure substances | A substance with constant composition.
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| Reaction | a change or transformation in which a substance decomposes, combines with other substances, or interchanges constituents with other substances
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| Solid | one of the three states of matter; has a fixed shape and volume.
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| Solution | a homogeneous mixture.
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| States of matter | The three different forms in which matter can exist: solid, liquid, and gas
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| Trace elements | Elements required in living systems, found in very small quantities.
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