Descriptive Astronomy - Openstax textbook
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| absorption spectrum | show 🗑
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| show | an idealized object that absorbs all electromagnetic energy that falls onto it
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| show | a spectrum of light composed of radiation of a continuous range of wavelengths or colors, rather than only certain discrete wavelengths
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| show | separation of different wavelengths of white light through refraction of different amounts
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| show | the apparent change in wavelength or frequency of the radiation from a source due to its relative motion away from or toward the observer
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| electromagnetic radiation | show 🗑
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| electromagnetic spectrum | show 🗑
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| emission spectrum | show 🗑
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| energy flux | show 🗑
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| energy level | show 🗑
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| excitation | show 🗑
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| frequency | show 🗑
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| show | photons (of electromagnetic radiation) of energy with wavelengths no longer than 0.01 nanometer; the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation
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| show | the lowest energy state of an atom
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| show | electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 103–106 nanometers; longer than the longest (red) wavelengths that can be perceived by the eye, but shorter than radio wavelengths
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| inverse square law | show 🗑
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| ion | show 🗑
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| show | the process by which an atom gains or loses electrons
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| show | any of two or more forms of the same element whose atoms have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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| show | electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths from 1 millimeter to 1 meter; longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves
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| nucleus (of an atom) | show 🗑
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| show | a discrete unit (or “packet”) of electromagnetic energy
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| radial velocity | show 🗑
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| radio waves | show 🗑
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| spectrometer | show 🗑
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| show | a formula from which the rate at which a blackbody radiates energy can be computed; the total rate of energy emission from a unit area of a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature: F = σT4
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| show | electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths 10 to 400 nanometers; shorter than the shortest visible wavelengths
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| visible light | show 🗑
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| show | the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough in a wave
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| show | formula that relates the temperature of a blackbody to the wavelength at which it emits the greatest intensity of radiation
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| show | electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.01 nanometer and 20 nanometers; intermediate between those of ultraviolet radiation and gamma rays
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| adaptive optics | show 🗑
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| show | diameter of the primary lens or mirror of a telescope
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| show | array of high-sensitivity electronic detectors of electromagnetic radiation, used at the focus of a telescope (or camera lens) to record an image or spectrum
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| show | distortion that causes an image to appear fuzzy when each wavelength coming into a transparent material focuses at a different spot
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| show | device sensitive to electromagnetic radiation that makes a record of astronomical observations
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| eyepiece | show 🗑
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| focus | show 🗑
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| show | process in which waves mix together such that their crests and troughs can alternately reinforce and cancel one another
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| interferometer | show 🗑
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| interferometer array | show 🗑
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| show | point in a telescope where the objective lens or primary mirror focuses the light
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| show | technique of transmitting radio waves to an object and then detecting the radiation that the object reflects back to the transmitter; used to measure the distance to, and motion of, a target object or to form images of it
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| show | telescope in which the principal light collector is a concave mirror
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| refracting telescope | show 🗑
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| show | detail in an image; specifically, the smallest angular (or linear) features that can be distinguished
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| show | unsteadiness of Earth’s atmosphere, which blurs telescopic images; good seeing means the atmosphere is steady
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| telescope | show 🗑
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| asteroid | show 🗑
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| comet | show 🗑
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| show | gravitational separation of materials of different density into layers in the interior of a planet or moon
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| show | any of the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune in our solar system, or planets of roughly that mass and composition in other planetary systems
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| show | time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to disintegrate
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| meteor | show 🗑
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| show | a portion of a meteor that survives passage through an atmosphere and strikes the ground
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| planetesimals | show 🗑
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| radioactivity | show 🗑
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| show | the cloud of gas and dust from which the solar system formed
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| terrestrial planet | show 🗑
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| show | a force of 100,000 Newtons acting on a surface area of 1 square meter; the average pressure of Earth’s atmosphere at sea level is 1.013 bars
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| show | igneous rock produced by the cooling of lava; makes up most of Earth’s oceanic crust and is found on other planets that have experienced extensive volcanic activity
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| convection | show 🗑
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| core | show 🗑
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| crust | show 🗑
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| show | in geology, a crack or break in the crust of a planet along which slippage or movement can take place, accompanied by seismic activity
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| show | a type of igneous silicate rock that makes up most of Earth’s continental crust
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| greenhouse effect | show 🗑
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| show | a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range; on Earth, these atmospheric gases primarily include carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor
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| show | rock produced by cooling from a molten state
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| magnetosphere | show 🗑
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| mantle | show 🗑
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| mass extinction | show 🗑
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| show | rock produced by physical and chemical alteration (without melting) under high temperature and pressure
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| ozone | show 🗑
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| show | a complex sequence of chemical reactions through which some living things can use sunlight to manufacture products that store energy (such as carbohydrates), releasing oxygen as one by-product
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| show | the motion of segments or plates of the outer layer of a planet over the underlying mantle
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| show | rock that has not experienced great heat or pressure and therefore remains representative of the original condensed materials from the solar nebula
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| rift zone | show 🗑
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| sedimentary rock | show 🗑
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| seismic wave | show 🗑
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| show | the layer of Earth’s atmosphere above the troposphere and below the ionosphere
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| subduction | show 🗑
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| show | the lowest level of Earth’s atmosphere, where most weather takes place
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| show | a place where material from a planet’s mantle erupts on its surface
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