HUM 115
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | True
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| show | All above
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| show | Conclusion
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| When we use the word "critical" in reference to critical thinking, we mean "negative and fault-finding." | show 🗑
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| A conclusion (a claim) backed up by one or more reasons in any order is called a(n) _____________. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | Critical thinking
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| show | I'm sure Martin Luther King Jr. didn't die during the 1960s, because it says right here in the encyclopedia that he was assassinated in Memphis in 1998.
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| show | Premise
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| All arguments are unpleasant. | show 🗑
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| Considering the benefits and drawbacks is also known as | show 🗑
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| show | Probabliity
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| show | Arguments
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| Which of the following passages contain an argument in our technical sense of that word? | show 🗑
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| show | Descriptions
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| show | False
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| On 25 March 1807, King George III signed into law the Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, banning trading in enslaved people in the British Empire. That means that anyone still trading slave is doing so under the legal “radar.” | show 🗑
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| Following sentences are not statements. You may choose more than one correct answer. | show 🗑
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| show | What time is it?
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| show | True
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| ____________ arise when there is uncertainty about whether to accept or reject a claim, or about what to do or not do. | show 🗑
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| show | Conclusion
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| show | argument
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| An implicit conclusion of an argument is a statement that does not appear explicitly but that is intended by the arguer to be a conclusion of an argument. | show 🗑
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| show |
Considering the probabilities that those various consequences will actually occur
Evaluating those consequences
Considering the possible courses of action
Guessing the consequences of those various courses of action
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| show | sounding more sophisticated than others
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| show | Discard claims that you disagree with
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| Logical reasoning or critical thinking is a high quality reasoning. It can be learned and improved. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | Don't take people too literally
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| show | True
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| show | finding the course of action that is 100% correct
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| show | One
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| show | Implicit
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| ______ attempt to show cause or motivation. | show 🗑
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| ___________ arguments are meant to be valid and ____________ the truth of the conclusion. | show 🗑
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| show | Good morning mother.
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| show |
logically inconsistent.
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| show | True
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| An argument and an explanation are different because speakers present them with different __________. | show 🗑
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| show | Use your background knowledge
statements require good evidence
If you expect people to accept your own conclusion, then it’s your responsibility to give them reasons
the pros and cons.
The less time available act onr ‘gut instinct.’
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| show | premise
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| show | Tantalum is a metal
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| An argument is a conclusion plus ONLY one premise. | show 🗑
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| Statements in an argument offered as evidence or reasons in support of another statement are called | show 🗑
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| show | David said that his uncle died of a drug overdose, so his uncle must have died of a drug overdose.
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| Logical reasoning cannot be learned or improved. Individuals are either naturally good at it or they are not. | show 🗑
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| A comparison of things based on similarities those things share is: | show 🗑
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| show | consequent
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| show | It follows with certainty
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| show | Strong or weak
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| A causal argument asserts or denies that something is the cause of something else. | show 🗑
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| A(n) __________ is an argument that relies on characteristics of a sample population to make a claim about the population as a whole. | show 🗑
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| show | Likely
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| If an advertisement promotes a sale of clothes that are 100 percent genuine cotton, then it _____________ that this is an offer to sell clothes that are essentially all cotton. | show 🗑
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| A representative sample is a sample that is perfectly analogous to the whole population in regard to the characteristics that are being investigated | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| There are two kinds of arguments: deductive arguments and inductive arguments. | show 🗑
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| show | Generalization
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| All sound arguments are deductive arguments. | show 🗑
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| When a deductive argument has valid arguments and true premises, it is said to be _____________. | show 🗑
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| This inductive argument relies on a comparison between characteristics of two subjects. | show 🗑
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| show | Limiting
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| show | A predictive argument
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| The ______ of a generalization should be representative of the ___________. | show 🗑
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| According to the principle of charity, in interpreting an unclear argument or passage, we should always give the speaker or writer the benefit of the doubt | show 🗑
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| According to the principle of charity, in interpreting an unclear argument or passage, we should always give the speaker or writer the benefit of the doubt | show 🗑
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| Inductive generalizations are based on evidence gathered about | show 🗑
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| An argument cannot be valid with _________ premises and a _____________ conclusion? | show 🗑
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| "All fruits are vegetables Spinach is a fruit. Therefore, spinach is vegetable." This is an example of valid argument that has false premises and a true conclusion. | show 🗑
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| show | Important
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| show | The conclusion in this argument follows with certainty.
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| Inductive reasoning is the most secure type of logic. | show 🗑
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| A random sampling method is taking a sample from a target population in such a way that any member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. | show 🗑
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| show | inductively strong
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| show | Inductive
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| When the premises infer certainty on the conclusion, the argument is ________________. | show 🗑
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| An argument is valid if it has no counterexample, that is, a possible situation that makes the premises true and the conclusion false. | show 🗑
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| "Probably," "likely," and "it's a good bet that" are common inductive indicator words. | show 🗑
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| show | Valid
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| Dealing with inductive reasoning, following expressions describe obstacles to collecting reliable data. You may choose more than one correct answer. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| In a conditional, the component immediately following the "if" is called the ______________. | show 🗑
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| One form of inductive argument uses past patterns to predict the future. | show 🗑
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| show | Valid but unsound
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| This inductive argument relies on accepting the views of an expert as support for the conclusion. | show 🗑
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| "Legally drunk means the individual has a blood alcohol level of .08" is an example of a(n) ___________ definition | show 🗑
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| A university in Californian has defined "'Fraternity' as a university-sanctioned drinking club for immature male undergraduates." This is a | show 🗑
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| "Entomologist means someone who engages in the science of entomology." This statement is an example of _________ definition. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | False
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| Popular tabloids are not credible sources of information for the following reasons: | show 🗑
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| show | persuasive
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| A good definition should be ______________________. | show 🗑
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| show | ostensive
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| show | True
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| Following are some rules to follow when creating definitions. You may choose more than one correct answer (select all that apply). | show 🗑
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| show | Common sense
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| The definition "'Dog' means a furry, four-legged animal" is primarily | show 🗑
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| A lexical definition is used to report the way a word is actually used in a language. | show 🗑
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| A social media post promising financial prosperity to everyone who shares their post seems unusual to you because | show 🗑
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| All vague expressions are ambiguous | show 🗑
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| The spread of fake news from fraudulent sources has been a problem only in the United States and Canada. | show 🗑
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| Suppose someone tells you that "Joe went to the bank". Where do you think Joe went to? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| The owner of a new company wants you invest your money in it promising large returns. Asking his business partner would be a good source of a second opinion. | show 🗑
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| Q - "What is the price of that new Lexus?" A- "More than $1000" | show 🗑
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| Our most reliable source of information is: | show 🗑
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| Fuzziness is a type of vagueness. | show 🗑
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| show | Anecdotes
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| _____________ can be used to disambiguate a statement | show 🗑
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| When we don't have access to information about whether a claim is credible, we can | show 🗑
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| _________ involves different possible meanings, each of which may be quite precise | show 🗑
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| show | vague
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| show | True
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| show | headlines that you disagree with
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| show | an unsupported anecdote
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| show | most of us will not take the trouble to fact-check
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| Credibility is a matter of _______ depending on the integrity of the person and how knowledgeable they are. | show 🗑
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| Officer: "Can you describe the bank robber?" Al: "Sure, he was between three-feet-tall and nine-feet-tall." In this dialogue, Al's statement is overgeneral but not vague. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| Logical reasoners __________________________________________. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| During an election season, to get solid information about whom to vote for, following are best sources of information. You may choose more than one correct answer. | show 🗑
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| Scientists and technologists often create definitions when they come up with new discoveries or invent new products. These types of definitions are ______________. | show 🗑
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| Seeking independent verification of a claim that is improbable or hard to accept is known as | show 🗑
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| Precising definitions are definitions that make the correct meaning more precise. | show 🗑
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| show | fidelity
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| There are different purposes for different definitions. | show 🗑
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| show | ambiguous
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| show |
short TV news segments
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| According to the principle of _________, we should interpret a claim generously and assume they intended the claim to be reasonable. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Writing should have a specific structure, an overall plan of development, a method of organization. | show 🗑
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| show |
emotions
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| One suggestion for promoting effective writing is to be yourself rather than seeking to be precise. | show 🗑
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| Although some advertisements contain lies and exaggerations, the more sophisticated ones walk the narrow line between truth and falsehood. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| When we argue for the opposite point that someone else has argued for, this is called: | show 🗑
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| Here is the list of rules that all good writers invariably. Select all that apply. You may choose more than once answer. | show 🗑
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| With respect to "proving your conclusion", when the reasons do establish the conclusion, the argument is called a _____________ | show 🗑
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| In communication, t he mental images and evaluations that people associate with a word or phrase are called ______________________ | show 🗑
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| A proof surrogate is intended to take the place of an actual proof. | show 🗑
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| In order to write with precision, writing should have a specific structure, an overall plan of development, a method of organization. One usually effective rule of thumb is to mentally divide your own piece of writing into the following three parts: | show 🗑
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| show | the technique of selective representation or telling a half-truth.
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| show |
Mathematical proofs are a matter of degree
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| "Everyone knows that nine out of ten freshmen at this college can't pass a simply grammar test" is an example of which rhetorical device? | show 🗑
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| Most commercials are aimed at your emotions, not your intellect. | show 🗑
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| The hedge is another common but devious tactic based on selectively presenting information so that what the speaker appears to be saying can later be denied. | show 🗑
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| show | Introduction
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| When writing to convince others, digression is an effective strategy. It will be help you focus on the main issue of your argument. | show 🗑
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| Every piece of writing needs some sort of method of organization, even though different kinds of writing can use different methods. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| An argumentative essay is a work of nonfiction prose stating and defending a position on some issue. It is a certain kind of persuasive writing. | show 🗑
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| People reason best when they let their emotions take the lead. | show 🗑
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| Terms used to slant a passage and influence the reader to accept the writer’s attitudes are called _____________ | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| Withe respect to "writing to convince others", the ______________ of the text is where you provide the details and do what you said you would be doing. | show 🗑
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| A lie is a false statement made with the intent to deceive. | show 🗑
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| A dysphemism is the opposite of a euphemism. It is a term used in order to produce a negative effect | show 🗑
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| show | Hedge
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| show | Downplayer
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| show | True
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| A refutation of another person's position is an argument that successfully shows the other person's position to be false | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | Straw man
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| A ___________ is an exception to a claim in an argument. | show 🗑
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| Fallacies are ______ in reasoning. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| show | Circular Reasoning
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| show | True
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| show | Appeal to Authority
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| A scientific hypothesis can never be refuted. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| This fallacy occurs when arguers, without sufficient evidence, claim that a seemingly harmless action, if taken, will lead to a disastrous outcome. | show 🗑
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| show | 45% of A are B
45% of A are B
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| There is no middle ground between consistent and inconsistent statements. | show 🗑
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| Any fallacious argument is one whose conclusion doesn't follow from its supporting reasons. The name of this fallacy comes from a Latin term meaning "does not follow." | show 🗑
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| show | Genetic
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| The presuppositions of a statement are _________ ____________. | show 🗑
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| A ____________ is a successful disproof of a claim in an argument. | show 🗑
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| show |
Factual
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| An oxymoron is a(n) ______________ in terms. | show 🗑
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| A ___________ about a group is a statement about the group that says some, all, or a percentage of them have some property. | show 🗑
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| An argument is fallacious when it contains only three or more logical fallacies. | show 🗑
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| One of the following statements is a universal generalization. | show 🗑
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| show | False Dilemma
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| Fallacies of relevance include ________ that are not relevant to the ___________ they support. | show 🗑
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| show |
Ad Hominem
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| show | True
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
Veeman