APES Definitions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| First Law of Thermodynamics | show 🗑
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| show | When energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat)
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| show | Radiation with enough energy to free electrons from atoms forming ions, may cause cancer (ex. gamma, X-rays, UV)
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| High Quality Energy | show 🗑
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| Low Quality Energy | show 🗑
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| Natural radioactive decay | show 🗑
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| show | The time it takes for 1/2 of the mass of a radioisotope to decay. A radioactive isotope must be stored for approximately 10 half-lives until it decays to a safe level
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| show | Nuclei of isotopes split apart when struck by neutrons
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| Nuclear Fusion | show 🗑
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| show | A rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine
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| Mineral Reserve | show 🗑
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| Surface mining | show 🗑
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| Humus | show 🗑
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| show | Removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards through soil
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| show | Perfect agricultural soil with equal portions of sand, silt, and clay
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| Soil Conservation Methods | show 🗑
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| show | Evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration
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| Aquifer | show 🗑
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| show | Lowering of the water table around a pumping well
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| Salt Water Intrusion | show 🗑
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| show | El Nino Southern Oscillation, trade winds weaken & warm surface water moves toward South America. Diminished fisheries off South America, drought in western Pacific, increased precipitation in southwestern North America, fewer Atlantic hurricanes
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| La Nina | show 🗑
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| show | because atmospheric N cannot be used directly by plants, it must first be converted into ammonia by bacteria
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| show | Decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia
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| Nitrification | show 🗑
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| Assimilation | show 🗑
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| show | Bacteria convert ammonia back into N
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| Phosphorus | show 🗑
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| Photosynthesis | show 🗑
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| show | Oxygen consuming producers, consumers & decomposers break down complex organic compounds & convert C back into CO2
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| Largest reservoirs of Carbon | show 🗑
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| show | Living & nonliving components of an ecosystem
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| Producer/Autotroph | show 🗑
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| Trophic Levels | show 🗑
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| Energy Flow through Food Webs | show 🗑
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| show | Development of communities in a lifeless area not previously inhabited by life (ex. lava)
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| Secondary succession | show 🗑
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| Mutualism | show 🗑
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| show | Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
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| Parasitism | show 🗑
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| show | The number of individuals that can be sustained in an area
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| show | Reproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce early, bear many small, unprotected offspring (ex. insects, mice)
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| show | Reproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce late, bear few, cared for offspring (ex. humans, elephants)
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| Natural Selection | show 🗑
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| show | "Human population cannot continue to increase. Consequences will be war, famine, and pestilence."
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| show | (Rule of 70) equals 70 divided by percent growth rate (ex. a population growing at 5% annually doubles in 70/5 = 14 years)
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| show | The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves (2.1 more developed, 2.7 less)
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| show | Preindustrial stage, transitional stage, industrial stage, postindustrial stage
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| show | Birth & death rates high, population grows slowly, infant mortality high
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| Transitional stage | show 🗑
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| show | Decline in birth rate, population growth slows
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| show | Low birth & death rates
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| Age Structure Diagrams | show 🗑
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| Most Populous Nations | show 🗑
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| Low Status of Women | show 🗑
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| Methods to Decrease Birth Rates | show 🗑
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| show | 97.5% seawater, 2.5% freshwater
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| Soil Salinization | show 🗑
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| Point Source | show 🗑
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| Non-Point Source | show 🗑
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| BOD | show 🗑
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| Eutrophication | show 🗑
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| show | When aquatic plants die, the BOD rises as aerobic decomposers break down the plants, the DO drops & the water cannot support life
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| Primary Air Pollutants | show 🗑
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| show | Formed by reaction of primary pollutants
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| Particulate Matter | show 🗑
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| show | (NOx) Major source is auto exhaust. Primary and secondary effects include acidification of lakes, respiratory irritation, leads to smog and ozone. Reduced using catalytic converters
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| Ozone | show 🗑
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| show | (SOx) Primary source is coal burning. Primary and secondary effects include acid deposition, respiratory irritation, plant damage. Reduction methods include: scrubbers, burn low sulfur fuel
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| show | (CO2 and CO) Sources include burning fossil fuels, incomplete combustion. Effects: CO binds to hemoglobin reducing blood's ability to carry O; CO2 contributes to global warming. Reduction accomplished by catalytic converters, oxygenated fuel, mass transit
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| show | Found in cities that burn large amounts of coal
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| show | Formed by chemical reactions involving sunlight (NO, VOC, O)
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| show | Caused by sulfuric and nitric acids resulting in lowered pH of surface waters
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| Greenhouse Gases | show 🗑
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| show | A vital process, required for life to exist on Earth. If accelerated, bad, leads to global warming
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| show | Rising sea level (due to thermal expansion not melting ice), extreme weather, droughts (famine), and extinctions
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| Ozone Depletion | show 🗑
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| show | Increased UV, skin cancer, cataracts, and decreased plant growth
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| Municipal Solid Waste | show 🗑
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| show | Problems include leachate, which is solved using a liner with a collection system; methane gas, which may be collected and burned and the volume of garbage, which may be compacted and/or reduced
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| Incineration | show 🗑
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| show | Reduce the amount of waste at the source
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| show | Species whose role in an ecosystem is more important than others
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| Indicator Species | show 🗑
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| show | Chlorinated hydrocarbons - ex. DDT; organophosphates - ex. malathion; carbamates - ex. aldicarb
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| show | Saves lives from insect transmitted disease, increases food supply, and increases profits for farmers
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| show | Genetic resistance, ecosystem imbalance, pesticide treadmill, persistence, bioaccumulation, and biological magnification
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| Natural Pest Control | show 🗑
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| Electricity Generation | show 🗑
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| show | Microscopic aquatic organisms in sediments converted by heat & pressure into a mixture of hydrocarbons
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| Petroleum Pros | show 🗑
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| show | Reserves depleted soon, pollution during drilling, transport and refining, burning makes CO2
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| show | Peat, lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite coal
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| Nuclear Reactor | show 🗑
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| show | Wind, solar, waves, biomass, geothermal, fuel cells
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| LD-50 | show 🗑
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| Mutagen | show 🗑
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| Teratogen | show 🗑
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| Carcinogen | show 🗑
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| Multiple Use Public Lands | show 🗑
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| Moderately Restricted Use Public Lands | show 🗑
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| show | National Parks, National Wilderness Preservation System
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| show | Occur at tectonic plate boundaries; divergent - spreading (ex. mid-ocean ridges); convergent - (ex. trenches); transform fault, sliding - (ex. San Andreas)
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| Mineral Deposits | show 🗑
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
mwells8