APES Definitions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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First Law of Thermodynamics | show 🗑
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show | When energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat)
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Ionizing radiation | show 🗑
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show | Organized & concentrates, can perform useful work (ex. fossil fuels & nuclear)
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show | Disorganized, dispersed (ex. heat in ocean or air/wind, solar)
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Natural radioactive decay | show 🗑
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show | The time it takes for 1/2 of the mass of a radioisotope to decay. A radioactive isotope must be stored for approximately 10 half-lives until it decays to a safe level
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Nuclear Fission | show 🗑
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show | 2 isotopes of light elements (H) forced together at high temperatures till they fuse to form a heavier nucleus. Happens in the Sun, very difficult to accomplish on Earth, prohibitively expensive
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show | A rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine
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Mineral Reserve | show 🗑
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Surface mining | show 🗑
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show | Organic, dark material remaining after decomposition by microorganisms
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show | Removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards through soil
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Loam | show 🗑
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show | Conservation tillage, crop rotation, contour plowing, organic fertilizers
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Hydrologic Cycle Components | show 🗑
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Aquifer | show 🗑
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Cone of Depression | show 🗑
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Salt Water Intrusion | show 🗑
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show | El Nino Southern Oscillation, trade winds weaken & warm surface water moves toward South America. Diminished fisheries off South America, drought in western Pacific, increased precipitation in southwestern North America, fewer Atlantic hurricanes
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show | "Normal" year, easterly trade winds and ocean currents pool warm water in the western Pacific, allowing upwelling of nutrient rich water off the West coast of South America
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Nitrogen Fixation | show 🗑
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show | Decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia
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Nitrification | show 🗑
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Assimilation | show 🗑
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show | Bacteria convert ammonia back into N
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Phosphorus | show 🗑
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Photosynthesis | show 🗑
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show | Oxygen consuming producers, consumers & decomposers break down complex organic compounds & convert C back into CO2
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show | (1) carbonate rocks (2) oceans
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show | Living & nonliving components of an ecosystem
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Producer/Autotroph | show 🗑
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Trophic Levels | show 🗑
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show | 10% of the usable energy is transferred to the next trophic level. Reason: usable energy lost as heat (2nd law), not all biomass is digested & absorbed, predators expend energy to catch prey
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Primary succession | show 🗑
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show | Life progresses where soil remains (ex. clear-cut forest, old farm)
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Mutualism | show 🗑
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Commensalism | show 🗑
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show | Relationship in which one organism (the parasite) obtains nutrients at the expense of the host
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show | The number of individuals that can be sustained in an area
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r-strategist | show 🗑
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K-strategist | show 🗑
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Natural Selection | show 🗑
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Thomas Malthus | show 🗑
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show | (Rule of 70) equals 70 divided by percent growth rate (ex. a population growing at 5% annually doubles in 70/5 = 14 years)
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Replacement Level Fertility | show 🗑
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Demographic Transition Model | show 🗑
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show | Birth & death rates high, population grows slowly, infant mortality high
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show | Death rate (infant mortality) lower, birth rates remain high, better health care, population grows fast
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Industrial stage | show 🗑
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Postindustrial stage | show 🗑
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Age Structure Diagrams | show 🗑
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show | (1) China (2) India
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Low Status of Women | show 🗑
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show | Family planning, contraception, economic rewards, and penalties
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Composition of Water on Earth | show 🗑
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Soil Salinization | show 🗑
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Point Source | show 🗑
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Non-Point Source | show 🗑
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BOD | show 🗑
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show | Rapid algal growth caused by an excess of nitrogen & phosphorus
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show | When aquatic plants die, the BOD rises as aerobic decomposers break down the plants, the DO drops & the water cannot support life
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show | Produced by humans & nature (CO, CO2, SO2, NO, hydrocarbons, particulates)
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show | Formed by reaction of primary pollutants
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show | Sources include burning fossil fuels and car exhaust. Effects include reduced visibility, respiratory irritation. Methods of reduction include filtering, electrostatic precipitators, alternative energy.
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show | (NOx) Major source is auto exhaust. Primary and secondary effects include acidification of lakes, respiratory irritation, leads to smog and ozone. Reduced using catalytic converters
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show | Secondary pollutant. Causes respiratory irritation and plant damage. Reduced by reducing NO emissions and VOCs
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Sulfur Oxides | show 🗑
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show | (CO2 and CO) Sources include burning fossil fuels, incomplete combustion. Effects: CO binds to hemoglobin reducing blood's ability to carry O; CO2 contributes to global warming. Reduction accomplished by catalytic converters, oxygenated fuel, mass transit
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Industrial Smog | show 🗑
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show | Formed by chemical reactions involving sunlight (NO, VOC, O)
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Acid Deposition | show 🗑
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Greenhouse Gases | show 🗑
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show | A vital process, required for life to exist on Earth. If accelerated, bad, leads to global warming
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Effects of Global Warming | show 🗑
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show | Caused by CFCs, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, halon, methyl bromide all of which attack stratospheric ozone
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Effects of Ozone Depletion | show 🗑
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show | Is mostly paper and mostly put into landfills
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Sanitary Landfill | show 🗑
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Incineration | show 🗑
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Best Solution for Waste Problem | show 🗑
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show | Species whose role in an ecosystem is more important than others
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Indicator Species | show 🗑
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Major Insecticide Groups | show 🗑
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Pesticide Pros | show 🗑
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Pesticide Cons | show 🗑
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show | Better agricultural practices, genetically resistant plants, natural enemies, and biopesticides, sex attractants
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Electricity Generation | show 🗑
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show | Microscopic aquatic organisms in sediments converted by heat & pressure into a mixture of hydrocarbons
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Petroleum Pros | show 🗑
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show | Reserves depleted soon, pollution during drilling, transport and refining, burning makes CO2
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Coal Formation | show 🗑
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Nuclear Reactor | show 🗑
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show | Wind, solar, waves, biomass, geothermal, fuel cells
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show | The amount of a chemical that kills 50% of the animals in a test populations
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show | Causes hereditary changes
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show | Causes fetus deformities
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Carcinogen | show 🗑
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Multiple Use Public Lands | show 🗑
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show | National Wildlife Refuges
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Restricted Use Public Lands | show 🗑
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Volcanoes and Earthquakes | show 🗑
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show | Most abundant at convergent plate boundaries
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
mwells8