Chapter 8 Patton
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| Divisions of the skeleton | Axial and Appendicular
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| Axial Skeleton | 80 bones of the head, neck and torso74 bones that form the upright axis of the body6 tiny middle ear bones
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| Appendicular Skeleton | 126 bones that form the appendages to the axial skeletonthe upper and lower extremities
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| Skull | Axial bones28 bones; cranial and facial bones
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| Cranial bones | Frontal bones, parietal bones, temportal bones, occipital, spenoid bone, ethmoid bone
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| Frontal bone | 1forms the forehead and anterior part of the top of the craniumforms upper portion of the orbitsforms the coronal suture w/ two parietal bones
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| Parietal bone | 2, form the buldging top of the craniumform several sutures: lambdoidal (w/ occipital bone) squamus (w/ temporal bone & part of sphenoid) coronal (w/frontal bone)
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| Temporal bone | 2form the lower sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floorcontais the inner and middle ear
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| Occipital bone | 1form the lower, posterior part of skullforms immovable joints w/ 3 other cranial bones and a moveable joint w/the first cercial vertebra
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| Sphenoid bone | 1bat-shaped bone located in the central portion of the cranial flooranchors the frontal, parietal, occipital, and ethmoid bonesforms part of the lateral wall of the cranium and part of the floor of each orbit
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| Ethmoid bone | 1complicated, irregular bone that lies anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bone
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| Facial bones | nasal, maxillary, zygomatic, mandibular, lacrimal, palatime, inferior nasal conchae, vomer
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| Maxilla bone | 2-upper jawform keystone of facearticulate w/ each other and w/nasal, zygomatic, inferior concha, palatine bonesforms part of the orbital floors, roof of mouth, and floor and sidewalls of nose
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| Mandible bone | 1-lower jawlargest, strongest bone of faceforms the only movable joint of skull w/temporal bone
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| Zygomatic bone | 2shapes the cheek and forms the outer margin of the orbitforms the zygomatic arch w/ the zygomatic process of the temporal bones
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| Nasal bone | 2form the upper part of the bridge of the nose, whereas cartilage forms the lower partarticulates w/ ethmoid bone, nasal septum, frontal bone, maxillae, and the other nasal
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| Lacrimal bone | 2paper-thin bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal boneforms the nasal cavity and medial wall of hte orbitcontains groove for nasolacrimal (tear) ductarticulates w. the maxillai and sphenoid bone
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| Palatine bone | 2form posterior part of the hard palatevertical portion form the lateral wall of the posterior part of each nasal cavityarticulates w/ maxillae adn sphenoid bone
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| Inferior nasal conchae | 2form lower edge projecting into the nasal cavity and form the nasal meatiarticualtes w/ethmoid, lactimal, maxillary, palatine bones
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| Vomer bone | 1forms posterior portion of nasal septumarticualtes w/ sphenoid, ethmoid, and palatine bones and maxillae
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| Eye orbits | right and left eye orbits, contains eyes and blood vesselsthin and fragile orbital walls
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| Hyoid bone | 1; axial bone; u-shaped bone located just above larynx abd below mandible; only bone that doesn't articulate w/ no other bone
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| Vertebral column | 24 vertebra; sacrum and coccyx
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| Characteristics of vertebrae | have a flat rounded body anteriorly and centrally; a spinous process posteriorly; 2 transvers processes laterally;
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| 2nd cervical vertebra | axis; has upward projection, the dens, to allow for rotation of head
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| Thoracic vertebra | 12; artiular facets for ribs
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| Sternum | daggar shaped in middle of chest wall; 3 parts-manubrium, body, xiphoid process
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| Ribs | 12 pairs; each rib articulates w/body and transverse process of its corresponding thoracic vertebra;ribs 2-9 articulates w/body of vertebra above
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| Rib attachment to the sternum | ribs 1-8 join the costal cartilage that attached it to the sternum; costal cartilage of ribs 8-10 joins cartilage of rib above to be indirectly attached to the sternum; ribs 11-12 are floating ribs
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| Appendicular skeleton | 126 bones; Upper and lower extremities
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| Upper extremeties | Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges
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| Lower extremeties | Fibula, innominate, femur, patella, tibia, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges
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