Study for the final exam - york
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| mechanical nociception | show 🗑
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| show | pain triggers chemical reactions from tissue damage
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| A-delta fibers | show 🗑
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| show | unmyelinated fibers that transmit dull, aching pain/ secondary pain
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| A-beta fibres | show 🗑
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| show | Stimulation-Produced Analgesia
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| neurochemical basis of SPA effect is endogenous opioids | show 🗑
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| 3 types of chronic pain | show 🗑
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| chronic pain patients develop maladaptive coping strategies such as | show 🗑
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| pain techniques work with | show 🗑
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| show | MMPI profiles in which the first three scales are all elevated (Depression, Hysteria, and Hypochondriasis). Seen in highly neurotic individuals.
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| show | after the onset of chronic pain rather than being a precursor
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| Counterirritation: | show 🗑
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| show | a method of achieving control over bodily processes ; used to treat chronic disorders such as, temporomandibular joint pain, hypertension and a broad array of pains
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| show | only modest efficacy in reducing pain
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| show | distinct from placebos and activate higher-order brain regions
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| Hypnosis: | show 🗑
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| show | irritable bowel syndrome, acute pain due to surgery, childbirth, dental procedures, burns, headaches and medical procedures, Cancer pain
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| show | is effective but most useful in conjunction with other techniques
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| Coping techniques: | show 🗑
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| Components of chronic pain management programs | show 🗑
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| Percentage change in headache pain pre to post treatment showed: | show 🗑
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| Quality of life includes | show 🗑
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| How strongly are medical measures related to quality of life | show 🗑
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| show | acute and initial phases
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| Denial | show 🗑
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| show | has an impact on the overall prospects for rehabilitation or recovery
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| Depression: | show 🗑
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| Depression is more common in | show 🗑
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| Positive Responses | show 🗑
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| show | better functioning psychologically and in illness and living
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| Self- concept | show 🗑
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| show | refers to an evaluation of the self-concept as good or bad
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| Patients have some primary stressors: | show 🗑
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| show | active coping and coping with positive responses
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| show | chronic fatigue syndrome (1.4% canadians)
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| Functional Somatic Syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | fibromyalgia (1.5% canadians)
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| show | accidents (drowning, poisoning, injuries, falls, motor vehicle)
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| show | Cancer, especially leukemia
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| young children (< 5 years) understand death as | show 🗑
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| children 5-9 years understand death as | show 🗑
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| show | universal and inevitable
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| show | Unintentional injury (especially car accidents)
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| show | heart attach or stroke
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| Death in old age is typically due to | show 🗑
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| show | psychosocial factors
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| What is a Good Death?: | show 🗑
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| show | pain free, religiosity/spirituality, treatment preferences, Dignity, family, positive relationship with provider, quality of life, emotional wellbeing, sense of life completion, preferences for the dying process
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| show | denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
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| Kϋbler-Ross’s 5 stages of adjustment to death does not fully acknowledge | show 🗑
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| show | those who study death and dying, suggest behavioural and cognitive-behavioural therapies. clinical thanatology involves symbolic immortality.
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| CHD Coronary Heart Disease | show 🗑
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| CHD Coronary Heart Disease | show 🗑
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| CHD Coronary Heart Disease | show 🗑
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| show | Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, stress, inactivity, high cholesterol
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| show | a general term referring to illnesses caused by atherosclerosis, the narrowing of coronary arteries, the vessels that supply the heart with blood
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| What contributes to CDH (Coronary Heart Disease?) | show 🗑
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| CHD Coronary Heart Disease | show 🗑
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| How does menopause effect CHD | show 🗑
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| show | tied to elevated C-reactive protein (marker of inflammation)
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| Interventions for CHD risk behaviour | show 🗑
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| show | Beta-adrenergic blocking agents—resist NS activation, Aspirin is commonly prescribed—thins blood, decreases clots. Statins—for cholesterol
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| show | 90% is essential (unknown), 5% is caused by failure of the kidneys
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| show | the greatest force developed during contraction of the heart
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| Diastolic: | show 🗑
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| show | systolic
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| show | early blood pressure reactivity is a predictor.. genetic factors and emotional factors
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| Acculturation is associated with hypertension in... | show 🗑
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| Treatment of hypertension: | show 🗑
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| Drug treatments for hypertension | show 🗑
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| "the hidden disease" | show 🗑
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| Stroke | show 🗑
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| Stroke | show 🗑
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| Stroke | show 🗑
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| show | heart disease
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| show | high blood pressure, heart disease, cigarette smoking, high red blood cell count and transient ischemic attacks
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| show | stroke affects all aspects of life—personal, social, vocational and physical
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| Consequences of stroke: | show 🗑
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| show | psychotherapy and treatment of depression, cognitive-remedial training, movement therapies, structured, stimulating environments to challenge
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| Diabetes | show 🗑
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| Diabetes increases risk of | show 🗑
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| show | Blindness (leading cause), blood vessel damage, diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage)
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| Risk factors for diabetes | show 🗑
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| Type I Diabetes | show 🗑
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| Type II Diabetes | show 🗑
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| show | Stress. Lack of social support even more problematic
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| Managing Type II Diabetes: | show 🗑
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| show | cognitive-behavioural interventions to improve adherence to their regimen, weight control improves glycemic control, behaviour mod
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| Old knowledge about diet includes | show 🗑
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| show | Sugar demands pancreas to produce insulin to tame glucose levels. System starts to wear out, increasing with age
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| show | heart disease, lipid problems, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, cancer, polycystic ovarian syndrome, fatty liver disease
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| Gluten triggers the release of | show 🗑
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| What is Psychoneuroimmunology?: | show 🗑
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| Indicators of immune functioning: | show 🗑
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| show | The immune system:
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| show | humoral and cell-mediated immunity
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| Interventions to enhance immune functioning: | show 🗑
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| show | stress, depression and grief (permanently affect the immune system in ways that persist into adulthood)
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| Autoimmune Disorders | show 🗑
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| History of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | show 🗑
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| The viral agent in AIDS is | show 🗑
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| show | mild early symptoms - flu like 3-6 weeks - then asymptomatic period (Can be many years), immune system increasingly compromised, opportunist infections (kaposi sarcoma, gynecologic infection)
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| show | highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
- protects from advancing to AIDS
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| show | decline in helper T cells
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| show | Dysfunction of DNA-part of cellular programming that controls cell growth and reproduction
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| Why is cancer hard to study? | show 🗑
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| What leads to cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | Psychological stress lowers ability of NK cells to destroy tumours, alterations in biological stress regulatory pathways may affect course of cancer
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| Physical limitations of cancer | show 🗑
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| show | cosmetic problems, surgical removal of organs, body image concerns, use of prosthesis, nausea and vomiting, immune suppression
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| show | crippling form of arthritis believed to result from an autoimmune process - affects small joints of hands, feet, wrists, knees, ankles and neck
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| show | 45%.... 27%....... 9.7%....... 2.8%
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| show | aspirin, rest, supervised exercise, cognitive-behavioural interventions, enhancement of perceived self-efficacy
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| Osteoarthritis | show 🗑
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| show | obesity is the only modifiable risk factor
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| show | the articular cartilage (smooth lining of a joint) begins to crack or wear away because of overuse
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| Osteoarthritis | show 🗑
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| show | keeping weight down, exercise, aspirin
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| Gout | show 🗑
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| Lupus | show 🗑
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| show | memory of intensity of previous experience (versus the actual pai intensity)
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| show | facial and audible expressions, distortions in posture or gait, negative affect, avoidance of activity
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| Chronic benign pain | show 🗑
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| show | series of intermittent episodes that are acute but chronic (ex - migraines)
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| show | persists longer than 6 months, increases in severity over time
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| subjective reports of health have been found to predict objective measures such as | show 🗑
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| show | psychological distress
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| show | lifestyle changes/health habits...... social relationships & meaning of life
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| self concept - | show 🗑
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| self esteem | show 🗑
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| show | 41% uncertainty about future, 24% limitations, 12% pain management
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| Chronic illness sufferers use more | show 🗑
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| In families with chronic illness, divorce rates are | show 🗑
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| show | depression
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| show | women due to disproportionate burden of household responsibilities
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| show | likely to be episodic rather than continuous
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| A difference in psychotherapy done with medical patients | show 🗑
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| A difference in psychotherapy done with medical patients | show 🗑
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| show | congenital abnormalities & SIDS
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| Leading cause of death in Canadian children after first year | show 🗑
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| Second leading cause of death in Canadian children after first year | show 🗑
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| Major cause of death in adolescence | show 🗑
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| Second leading cause of death in adolescence | show 🗑
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| Major cause of premature death in adulthood | show 🗑
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| It is best to keep systolic blood pressure under | show 🗑
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| show | communication disorders, difficulty learning new tasks, short term memory tasks, anxiety and depression
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| Right brain stroke damage includes | show 🗑
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| show | increasing awareness or education/ information ..... for
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| two general approaches to indicate immune functioning | show 🗑
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