History Ch16
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| What developments paved the way for the Scientific Revolution and how? | Inventions of the compass, gunpowder, printing, and lenses. Humanist recovery & translation of ancient texts. Printing helped spread these ideas to wider audience. Voyages of discovery and collaboration between artisans & intellects
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| How did Copernicus propose to correct the weaknesses in the inherited model of the cosmos? | his solution, based on math calcs, to show that ptolemy was wrong, earth wasnt station or at the cntr of the syst, it rotatd on axis and orbtd w/ other syst and simplified the geom, made the orbits more comprehens.
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| To what extent did breakthroughs depend on new observations? To what extent on new theories? | Ast Tycho Brahe carefully obsrvd & strudied the hvns for 20+ yrs. Kepler inherited Tycho's obs and showed that 2 of copernicus's assumptions did not match observ. Kepler's theories about the magnetic forces between sun and planets pvd way 4 newton l8tr
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| Was Galileo a success? Why? | Astronomer and Mathematician, He popularized a non-aristotelian approach to science. Silenced by the inquisition, Galileo's works were smuggled out of Italy a published in Holland where his new phil flourished.
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| What thinkers were important in the development of science as a practice? | Thinkers like Francin Bacon, Rene Descartes. Believed knowledge was power and advocated an inductive approach to knowledge from evidence, observation, and conclusions. Descartes was intellectually restless "I think therefore I am" emph deductive reasoning
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| What institutions were important in the development of science as a practice? | Royal Society of London - commitd to the exp and collab work among nat philopsphrs. gave them a place to rch agreemnt on matter of fact. French Academy of Science - devoted to nat phil as a coll enterprise. enabled exchange of info acrss national bdries
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| What problems did newton solve? | Showed that while light was diff clrs. provided mathematical tools to model motion in space. early works on gravity, math basis for orbit of planets
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| Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) | Polish astronomer who advanced the radical idea that the earth moved around the sun in De Revolutionibus.
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| Johannes Kepler (1571-1601) | Elaborated on and corrected Copernicus's theory particularly about planetary orbits.
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| Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) | Italian physicist and inventor. The implication of his ideas raised the ire of the Catholic Church and he was forced to retract most of his findings.
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| Discourse on Method | Philosophical treatise by Rene Descartes (1596-1650) proposing that the path to knowledge was through logical speculation beginning with one's own self: "I think therefore I am."
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| Novum Organum | Work by English statesman and scientist Francis Bacon (1561-1626) that advanced a philosophy of study through observation.
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| Isaac Newton (1642-1727) | English scientist and mathematician noted for his work on light applied math to motion in space gravity and math basis for orbits of planets.
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| Francis Bacon | British Philosohper and scientist who pioneered the scientific method and inductive reasoning. Argued that thinkers should amass evidence from observation and draw general conclusions from them
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| Heliocentric | Sun centered view of the planetary system which displaces the earth from the center of the universe.
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| Aristotelian | The thought that objects in the universe could move only if actived on by an external force. Confirmed the belief in the purposefulness of God's universe.
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| Question: After being criticized by Robert Hooke | Newton retired to his study to investigate
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| Question: Faced with a charge of heresy by the Inquisition | Galileo recanted his belief in Copernicanism.
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| Question: In 1727 Newton | died and was buried at Westminster Abbey.
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| Question: Which of the following works was not written by Galileo | On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
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| Question: In 1616 the De Revolutionibus of Copernicus was: | placed on the Index of Forbidden Books.
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| Question: Tycho Brahe: | became court astronomer to the Holy Roman Emperor.
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| Question: Maria Sibylla Merian is best known for her: | Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam.
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| Question: The scientific method as established by Descartes is called: | the deductive method.
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| Question: Which of the following English scientific thinkers was not a scientist? | Francis Bacon
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| Question: The scientific method as worked out by Bacon is called: | the inductive method.
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| Question: Which scientist studied the cellular structure of plants? | Robert Hooke
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| Question: The expression cogito ergo sum best describes the philosophical underpinnings of which 17th century thinker? | Rene Descartes
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| believed that everything had been created according to mathematical laws | believed that everything had been created according to mathematical laws.
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| Question: Galileo made his first defense of the Copernican system in his: | Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina de Medici.
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| Question: Newton presented his laws of universal gravitation in: | Principia Mathematica.
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| Question: Which of the following statements about the Royal Society is incorrect? | Although considered a genius Isaac Newton was never asked to be a member.
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| Question: Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes agreed that: | science needed to free itself from blind authority in the past.
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| Question: During the seventeenth century the most innovative scientific work: | moved out of the universities.
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| Question: Which of the following was not one of the changes brought about by the scientific revolution? | a geocentric theory of the universe
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| Question: Who is most responsible for creating the inductive scientific method? | Francis Bacon.
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| Question: To the astronomers of the Middle Ages | the most important classical authorities on natural philosophy were:Aristotle and Ptolemy.
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| Question: Which pairing is incorrect? | Pascal -- applied mathematical skills to politics
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| Question: Galileo: | was fascinated with the problem of the motion of objects on a moving earth.
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| Question: According to Descartes if the universe were only matter in motion then: | the whole system could be understood objectively.
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| Question: As a result of Galileo's trial | the "new science" would flourish in:northwest Europe.
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Created by:
Jadesty