The Reproductive System
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| The hormone released by the area of the brain known as the hypothalamus beginning at the onset of sexual maturity in both males & females is: | the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
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| GnRH is needed for: | both sexual maturity and normal reproduction
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| The Female Reproductive System consists of: | 2 ovaries, 2 fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the vagina
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| The menstrual cycle is made up of 2 states of being: | ovulation & menstruation.
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| An ovary normally matures & releases an egg (ovulation): | about 11 to 17 days before the woman's next menstrual period or approximately once every 28 to 30 days.
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| The egg is released from: | the ovary and into a fallopian tube & swept by tiny hairlike cells (cilia) and smooth muscle action into the uterus.
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| Females are born with about_________ oocytes or eggs: | 2 million
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| By the time puberty, only about ______ eggs remain: | 400,000
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| Estradiol: | is the most abundant & most active of the estrogens.
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| The main function of estradiol: | to stimulate the developement of the uterine lining and the mammary glands, readying the body for pregnancy.
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| The estrogens are known as: | Feminizing Hormones.
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| ___________is the most potent form of estrogen in premenopausal women. | Estradiol
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| ______is a weaker estrogen & is formed when estradiol & estrone are metabolized. | Estriol
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| Progesterone literally means_____? | Hormone for life.
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| Estrogen has little effect if___? | The female reproductive cycle is considered as a 28 day cycle(the average age), during the first 12days.
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| A woman is most fertile ____ | Around the time that she is ovulating.
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| Some women can tell they are ovulating by: | Watching for changes in vaginal discharge or body temperature. They also feel pain when the egg is released.
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| PMS stands for? | Premenstrual Syndrome
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| PMS occurs____ | During the phase before the phase before the periods, which most women describe as uncomfortable.
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| There are several types of chemical contraceptives: | Estrogen & Progesterone combinations and progesterone only.
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| There are 2 main mechanisms of action of the contraceptives: | Prefertilization & Post Fertilization mechanisms
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| Prefertilization Mechanisms Include: | Prevent ovulation & to thicken cervical mucus to provide a barrier to sperm reducing likelihood of implantation
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| Post Fertilization Mechanisms Include: | Change in the lining of the uterus to block implantation of the embryo.
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| How do you define conception? | The conjoining of an egg & sperm.
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| POPs is? | Contraceptives used to prevent pregnancy are also called minipills. (birth-control)
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| Drugs that may interfere with the active ingredients of birth-control agents are___ | Anti-biotics, Anti-fungal, Anti-epileptic, & Anti-convulsant drugs.
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| Spermicides are found in various forms such as: | Creams, Foams, Gels, Suppositories, & Vaginal Film.
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| Vaginal filmstrips are good for ____ hour(s) after insertion. | 1
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| _____are best for effective protection from transmission of bacterial & viral infections. | Latex Condoms
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| The size of the diaphragm is determined by: | A measurement of the vagina taken by the provider to securely fit.
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| Diaphragms must be worn for____ hours after intercourse? | 6
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| Intrauterine Devices (IUD) are__? | Small, flexible devices composed of metal and/or plastic.
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| A sexually transmitted disease is (STD)___ | a disease caused by a pathogen that is spread from person to person primarily through sexual contact.
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| STDs occur most commonly in___ | Sexually active teenagers & young adults.
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| During the fourth or fifth month of gestation___ is secreted by the pituitary gland | Prolactin
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| Oxytocin which is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland causes___ | labor contractions.
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