Definitions for 7th grade math
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| acute angle | an angle that measures less than 90°
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| acute triangle | a triangle with three acute angles
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| addend | a number added to one or more other numbers
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| algebraic expression | an expression containing a variable
Example: 2(x-9)
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| angle | two rays with a common endpoint
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| area | the number of square units needed to cover a figure
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| arithmetic sequence | a sequence where the difference between consecutive terms is always the same. Example: 3, 6, 9, ...
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| associative property | the fact that grouping does not affect the product or sum
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| base (in numeration) | a number multiplied by itself the number of times shown by an exponent. Example: 5² = 5⠂5
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| base (in polygon) | any side of the polygon, or the length of that side
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| bisect | to divide an angle or segment into two congruent angles or segments
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| box-and-whisker plot | a graph showing how a collection of data is distributed
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| capacity | the volume of a figure, given in terms of liquid measure
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| center | the point at the exact middle of a circle or sphere
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| circle | a plane figure whose points are all the same distance from its center
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| circle graph | a circular graph that uses wedges to represent portions of the data set
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| circumference | the perimeter of a circle
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| combination | a selection of items where the order does not matter
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| common denominator | a denominator that is the same in two or more fractions
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| common factor | if a number is a factor of two or more numbers, it is a common factor of that set of numbers
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| common multiple | a number that is a multiple of each of two given numbers. Example: 24 is a common multiple of 4 and 3
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| commutative property | the fact that ordering does not affect the sum or product of two or more numbers
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| complementary angles | two angles whose measures add up to 90°
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| composite number | a solid with one circular base
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| cone | a solid with one circular base
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| congruent angles | two angles that have equal measures
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| congruent segments | two segments that have equal lengths
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| constant | a quantity whose value cannot change
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| coordinates | a pair of numbers used to locate a point on a coordinate plane
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| corresponding angles | angles formed by two lines and a transversal.
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| corresponding angles (in similar figures) | matching angles on similar figures
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| cross product | in a proportion, the product of a numerator on one side with the denominator on the other
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| cube (geometric figure) | a 6-sided prism whose faces are congruent squares
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| cube (in numeration) | a number raised to the third power Example: 5³ = 5˙5˙5
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| cylinder | a solid with two parallel circular bases with the same radius
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| decagon | a polygon with 10 sides
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| degree (°) | a unit of measure for angles
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| denominator | the bottom number in a fraction
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| diameter | the distance across a circle through its center
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| difference | the answer to a subtraction problem
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| distributive property | the fact that a(b+c) = ab+ac
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| dividend | the number to be divided in a division problem. In 8/4=2, 8 is the dividend, is the divisor, and 2 is the quotient
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| equally-likely outcomes | outcomes that have the same probability
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| equation | a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal Example: x-10=6
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| equilateral triangle | a triangle whose sides are all the same length
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| equivalent fractions | two fractions representing the same number, such as 1/2 = 2/4.
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| equivalent ratios | ratios corresponding to equivalent fractions
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| exponent | a number telling how many times the base is being used as a factor Example: 8³ = 8˙8˙8, where 3 is the exponent and 8 is the base
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| expression | a mathematical phrase made up of variables and/or numbers and operations Example: 3x-11
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| factor | a whole number that divides another whole number evenly
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| fraction | a number in the form ¾
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| function | a rule that matches two sets of numbers
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| greatest common factor (GCF) | the largest factor two numbers have in common Example: 6 is the GCF of 24 and 18
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| height | on a triangle or quadrilateral, the distance from the base to the opposite vertex or side
on a prism or cylinder, the distance between the bases
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| hexagon | a six-sided polygon
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| hypotenuse | the side opposite the right angle in a right triangle
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| improper fraction | a fraction greater that 1
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| integer | a whole number, its opposite, or zero
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| interval | the space between marked values on a bar graph's scale
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| inverse operation | operations that "undo" each other, such as addition and subtraction
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| isosceles triangle | a triangle with at least two congruent sides
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| least common multiple (LCM) | the smalles common multiple of two numbers Example: 56 is the LCM of 8 and 14
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| line | a straight set of points that extends without end in both direction
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| line graph | a graph that uses a line to show how data changes over time
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| line of symmetry | the imaginary "mirror" in line symmetry
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| line segment | two points, called the ENDPOINTS of the segment, and all points between them
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| lowest terms | a fraction with a numerator and denominator whose only common factor is 1
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| mean | the sum of the values in a data set divided by the number of values (also known as the AVERAGE)
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| median | The middle value in a data set when the values are arranged in order
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| midpoint | the point that divides a segment into two congruent smaller segments
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| mode | the value(s) that occur most often in a data set
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| multiple | the product of a given number and another whole number Example: since 3⠂7 = 21, 21 is a multiple of both 3 and 7
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| negative numbers | numbers that are less than zero
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| numerator | the top number in a fraction
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| obtuse angle | an angle that measures more than 90° and less that 180°
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| octagon | an eight-sided polygon
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| odds | the ratio of the number of ways an event can happen to the number of ways it cannot
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| ordered pair | a pair of numbers, such as (12, -8), used to locate points on a coordinate plane
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| order of operations | a rule telling in what order a series of operations should be done. The order of operations is (1) compute withing grouping symbols; (2) compute powers; (3) multiply and divide from left to right; (4) add and subtract from left to right
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| outcome (in probability) | one way an experiment or situation could turn out
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| parallel lines | lines in a plane that never meet
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| parallelogram | a quadrilateral with parallel and congruent opposite sides
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| pentagon | a five-sided polygon
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| percent | a ratio compare a number to 100 Example: 29% = 29/100
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| perimeter | the distance around
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| permutation | one of the ways to order a set of items
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| perpendicular | lines, rays, or line segments that intersect at right angles
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| perpendicular bisector | a line, ray, or line segment that intersects a segment at its midpoint and is perpendicular to it
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| pi (π) | the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter: π = 3.14159265
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| place value | the value given to the place a digit occupies
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| plane | a flat surface that extends forever
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| point symmetry | a figure has point symmetry if it looks unchanged after a 180° rotation
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| polygon | a geometric figure with at least three sides
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| polyhedron | a solid whose faces are polygons
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| positive numbers | numbers greater than zero
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| power | a number produced by raising a base to anm exponent Example: 16 = 2⁴
, so 16 is the 4th
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| prime factorization | writing a number as a product of prime numbers Example: 60 = 2²⠂3⠂5
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| prime number | a whole number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and itself
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| prism | a polyhedron whose bases are congruent and parallel
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| probability | the number of ways an event can occur divided by the total number of possible outcomes
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| product | the answer to a multiplication problem
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| proportion | a statement showing two ratios are equal
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| protractor | a tool for measuring angles
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| pyramid | a polyhedron with one polygonal base
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| Pythagorean Theorem | in a right triangle where "c" is the length of the hypotenuse and "a" and "b" are the lengths of the legs, a²+b²=c²
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| quadrants | the four regions determined by the axes of a coordinate plane
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| quadrilateral | a four-sided polygon
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| quotient | the answer to a division equation
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| radius | the distance from the center of a circle to a point on the circle
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| pyramid | a polyhedron with on polygonal base
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| range (in statistics) | the difference between the least and greatest numbers in a data set
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| rate | a ratio showing how quantities with different units are related
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| ratio | a comparison of two quantities, often written as a fraction
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| ray | part of a line that has one endpoint and extends forever
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| reciprocals | Two numbers whose product is 1 Example: 5/7 and 7/5 are reciprocals
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| rectangle | a quadrilateral with four right angles
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| reflection | a transformation that flips a figure over a line
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| regular polygon | a polygon with all sides and angles congruent
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| rhombus | a parallelogram with all sides congruent
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| right angle | an angle that measures 90°
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| right triangle | a triangle with one right angle
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| rotation | a transformation that turns a figure around a point
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| rounding | estimating a number to a given place value
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| scale factor | the ratio used to enlarge or reduce similar figures
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| scalene triangle | a triangle whose sides have different lengths
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| scatterplot | a graph showing paired data values as points
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| scientific notation | a number written as a decimal greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10 Example: 937 = 9.37 x 10²
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| sector | a wedge-shaped part of a circle
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| sequence | a list of numbers, such as -1, 4, 9, 14, ...
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| similar figures | figures with the same shape but not necessarily the same size
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| simulation (in probability) | a model of a probability experiment
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| solid | a three-dimensional object
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| solutions of an equation or inequality | values of a variable that make an equation or inequality true
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| solve | to find the solutions of an equation or inequality
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| sphere | a solid whose points are all the same distance from the center
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| square (geometric figure) | a quadrilateral with four congruent sides and four right angles
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| square (in numeration) | a number raised to the second power
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| square root | the length of the side of a square with an area equal to a given number
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| standard form | the usual way of writing number (in contrast to scientific notation)
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| stem-and-leaf diagram | a table showing the distribution of values in a data set by splitting each value into a stem and a leaf
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| straight angle | an angle that measure 180°
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| substitute | to replace a variable with a known value
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| sum | the answer to an addition problem
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| supplementary angles | two angles whose measures add up to 180°
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| surface area | for a solid, the sum of the areas of its surfaces
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| symmetry | the correspondence in size, form, and arrangement of parts on opposite sides of a plane, line, or point; regularity of form or arrangement in terms of like, reciprocal, or corresponding parts.
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| tangent line | a line that touches a circle at only one point
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| tangent ratio | in a right triangle, the tangent of an angle is the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the side adjacent to it
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| term | one number in a sequence
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| terminating decimal | a decimal number that ends Example: 2.31
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| tessellation | a set of repeating figures that fills a flat surface with no gaps or overlaps
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| theoretical probability | the ratio of the number of ways an event can happen to the total number of possible outcomes
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| transformation | a transformation that slides a figure
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| transversal | a line intersecting two or more lines
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| trapezoid | a quadrilateral with exactly two parallel sides
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| tree diagram | a branching diagram showing all possible outcomes for a given situation
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| trend | a clear direction in a line graph suggesting how the data will behave in the future
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| trend line | a line drawn through a set of data points to show a trend in the data values
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| triangle | a three-sided polygon
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| unit price | a unit rate giving the cost of one item
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| variable | a quantity whose values may vary
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| Venn diagram | a diagram that uses regions to show relationships
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| vertex | on an angle, the endpoint of the rays forming the angle. On a polygon, a corner where two sides meet. On a polyhedron, a corner where edges meet
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| vertical angles | angles on opposite sides of the intersection of two lines
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| volume | the amount of space taken up by a solid (LxWxH)
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| whole number | a number in the set
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| x-axis | the horizontal line in an x-y coordinate system
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| x-coordinate | the first number in an ordered pair
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| x-y coordinate plane | a coordinate system for locating points based on two number lines, the x- and y-axes
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| y-axis | the vertical line in an x-y coordinate system
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| y-coodinate | the second number in an ordered pair
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| zero pair | a number and its opposite Example: 23 and (-23)
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Created by:
lonniewood
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