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7th Math Vocab
Definitions for 7th grade math
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acute angle | an angle that measures less than 90° |
| acute triangle | a triangle with three acute angles |
| addend | a number added to one or more other numbers |
| algebraic expression | an expression containing a variable Example: 2(x-9) |
| angle | two rays with a common endpoint |
| area | the number of square units needed to cover a figure |
| arithmetic sequence | a sequence where the difference between consecutive terms is always the same. Example: 3, 6, 9, ... |
| associative property | the fact that grouping does not affect the product or sum |
| base (in numeration) | a number multiplied by itself the number of times shown by an exponent. Example: 5² = 5⠂5 |
| base (in polygon) | any side of the polygon, or the length of that side |
| bisect | to divide an angle or segment into two congruent angles or segments |
| box-and-whisker plot | a graph showing how a collection of data is distributed |
| capacity | the volume of a figure, given in terms of liquid measure |
| center | the point at the exact middle of a circle or sphere |
| circle | a plane figure whose points are all the same distance from its center |
| circle graph | a circular graph that uses wedges to represent portions of the data set |
| circumference | the perimeter of a circle |
| combination | a selection of items where the order does not matter |
| common denominator | a denominator that is the same in two or more fractions |
| common factor | if a number is a factor of two or more numbers, it is a common factor of that set of numbers |
| common multiple | a number that is a multiple of each of two given numbers. Example: 24 is a common multiple of 4 and 3 |
| commutative property | the fact that ordering does not affect the sum or product of two or more numbers |
| complementary angles | two angles whose measures add up to 90° |
| composite number | a solid with one circular base |
| cone | a solid with one circular base |
| congruent angles | two angles that have equal measures |
| congruent segments | two segments that have equal lengths |
| constant | a quantity whose value cannot change |
| coordinates | a pair of numbers used to locate a point on a coordinate plane |
| corresponding angles | angles formed by two lines and a transversal. |
| corresponding angles (in similar figures) | matching angles on similar figures |
| cross product | in a proportion, the product of a numerator on one side with the denominator on the other |
| cube (geometric figure) | a 6-sided prism whose faces are congruent squares |
| cube (in numeration) | a number raised to the third power Example: 5³ = 5˙5˙5 |
| cylinder | a solid with two parallel circular bases with the same radius |
| decagon | a polygon with 10 sides |
| degree (°) | a unit of measure for angles |
| denominator | the bottom number in a fraction |
| diameter | the distance across a circle through its center |
| difference | the answer to a subtraction problem |
| distributive property | the fact that a(b+c) = ab+ac |
| dividend | the number to be divided in a division problem. In 8/4=2, 8 is the dividend, is the divisor, and 2 is the quotient |
| equally-likely outcomes | outcomes that have the same probability |
| equation | a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal Example: x-10=6 |
| equilateral triangle | a triangle whose sides are all the same length |
| equivalent fractions | two fractions representing the same number, such as 1/2 = 2/4. |
| equivalent ratios | ratios corresponding to equivalent fractions |
| exponent | a number telling how many times the base is being used as a factor Example: 8³ = 8˙8˙8, where 3 is the exponent and 8 is the base |
| expression | a mathematical phrase made up of variables and/or numbers and operations Example: 3x-11 |
| factor | a whole number that divides another whole number evenly |
| fraction | a number in the form ¾ |
| function | a rule that matches two sets of numbers |
| greatest common factor (GCF) | the largest factor two numbers have in common Example: 6 is the GCF of 24 and 18 |
| height | on a triangle or quadrilateral, the distance from the base to the opposite vertex or side on a prism or cylinder, the distance between the bases |
| hexagon | a six-sided polygon |
| hypotenuse | the side opposite the right angle in a right triangle |
| improper fraction | a fraction greater that 1 |
| integer | a whole number, its opposite, or zero |
| interval | the space between marked values on a bar graph's scale |
| inverse operation | operations that "undo" each other, such as addition and subtraction |
| isosceles triangle | a triangle with at least two congruent sides |
| least common multiple (LCM) | the smalles common multiple of two numbers Example: 56 is the LCM of 8 and 14 |
| line | a straight set of points that extends without end in both direction |
| line graph | a graph that uses a line to show how data changes over time |
| line of symmetry | the imaginary "mirror" in line symmetry |
| line segment | two points, called the ENDPOINTS of the segment, and all points between them |
| lowest terms | a fraction with a numerator and denominator whose only common factor is 1 |
| mean | the sum of the values in a data set divided by the number of values (also known as the AVERAGE) |
| median | The middle value in a data set when the values are arranged in order |
| midpoint | the point that divides a segment into two congruent smaller segments |
| mode | the value(s) that occur most often in a data set |
| multiple | the product of a given number and another whole number Example: since 3⠂7 = 21, 21 is a multiple of both 3 and 7 |
| negative numbers | numbers that are less than zero |
| numerator | the top number in a fraction |
| obtuse angle | an angle that measures more than 90° and less that 180° |
| octagon | an eight-sided polygon |
| odds | the ratio of the number of ways an event can happen to the number of ways it cannot |
| ordered pair | a pair of numbers, such as (12, -8), used to locate points on a coordinate plane |
| order of operations | a rule telling in what order a series of operations should be done. The order of operations is (1) compute withing grouping symbols; (2) compute powers; (3) multiply and divide from left to right; (4) add and subtract from left to right |
| outcome (in probability) | one way an experiment or situation could turn out |
| parallel lines | lines in a plane that never meet |
| parallelogram | a quadrilateral with parallel and congruent opposite sides |
| pentagon | a five-sided polygon |
| percent | a ratio compare a number to 100 Example: 29% = 29/100 |
| perimeter | the distance around |
| permutation | one of the ways to order a set of items |
| perpendicular | lines, rays, or line segments that intersect at right angles |
| perpendicular bisector | a line, ray, or line segment that intersects a segment at its midpoint and is perpendicular to it |
| pi (π) | the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter: π = 3.14159265 |
| place value | the value given to the place a digit occupies |
| plane | a flat surface that extends forever |
| point symmetry | a figure has point symmetry if it looks unchanged after a 180° rotation |
| polygon | a geometric figure with at least three sides |
| polyhedron | a solid whose faces are polygons |
| positive numbers | numbers greater than zero |
| power | a number produced by raising a base to anm exponent Example: 16 = 2⁴ , so 16 is the 4th |
| prime factorization | writing a number as a product of prime numbers Example: 60 = 2²⠂3⠂5 |
| prime number | a whole number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and itself |
| prism | a polyhedron whose bases are congruent and parallel |
| probability | the number of ways an event can occur divided by the total number of possible outcomes |
| product | the answer to a multiplication problem |
| proportion | a statement showing two ratios are equal |
| protractor | a tool for measuring angles |
| pyramid | a polyhedron with one polygonal base |
| Pythagorean Theorem | in a right triangle where "c" is the length of the hypotenuse and "a" and "b" are the lengths of the legs, a²+b²=c² |
| quadrants | the four regions determined by the axes of a coordinate plane |
| quadrilateral | a four-sided polygon |
| quotient | the answer to a division equation |
| radius | the distance from the center of a circle to a point on the circle |
| pyramid | a polyhedron with on polygonal base |
| range (in statistics) | the difference between the least and greatest numbers in a data set |
| rate | a ratio showing how quantities with different units are related |
| ratio | a comparison of two quantities, often written as a fraction |
| ray | part of a line that has one endpoint and extends forever |
| reciprocals | Two numbers whose product is 1 Example: 5/7 and 7/5 are reciprocals |
| rectangle | a quadrilateral with four right angles |
| reflection | a transformation that flips a figure over a line |
| regular polygon | a polygon with all sides and angles congruent |
| rhombus | a parallelogram with all sides congruent |
| right angle | an angle that measures 90° |
| right triangle | a triangle with one right angle |
| rotation | a transformation that turns a figure around a point |
| rounding | estimating a number to a given place value |
| scale factor | the ratio used to enlarge or reduce similar figures |
| scalene triangle | a triangle whose sides have different lengths |
| scatterplot | a graph showing paired data values as points |
| scientific notation | a number written as a decimal greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10 Example: 937 = 9.37 x 10² |
| sector | a wedge-shaped part of a circle |
| sequence | a list of numbers, such as -1, 4, 9, 14, ... |
| similar figures | figures with the same shape but not necessarily the same size |
| simulation (in probability) | a model of a probability experiment |
| solid | a three-dimensional object |
| solutions of an equation or inequality | values of a variable that make an equation or inequality true |
| solve | to find the solutions of an equation or inequality |
| sphere | a solid whose points are all the same distance from the center |
| square (geometric figure) | a quadrilateral with four congruent sides and four right angles |
| square (in numeration) | a number raised to the second power |
| square root | the length of the side of a square with an area equal to a given number |
| standard form | the usual way of writing number (in contrast to scientific notation) |
| stem-and-leaf diagram | a table showing the distribution of values in a data set by splitting each value into a stem and a leaf |
| straight angle | an angle that measure 180° |
| substitute | to replace a variable with a known value |
| sum | the answer to an addition problem |
| supplementary angles | two angles whose measures add up to 180° |
| surface area | for a solid, the sum of the areas of its surfaces |
| symmetry | the correspondence in size, form, and arrangement of parts on opposite sides of a plane, line, or point; regularity of form or arrangement in terms of like, reciprocal, or corresponding parts. |
| tangent line | a line that touches a circle at only one point |
| tangent ratio | in a right triangle, the tangent of an angle is the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the side adjacent to it |
| term | one number in a sequence |
| terminating decimal | a decimal number that ends Example: 2.31 |
| tessellation | a set of repeating figures that fills a flat surface with no gaps or overlaps |
| theoretical probability | the ratio of the number of ways an event can happen to the total number of possible outcomes |
| transformation | a transformation that slides a figure |
| transversal | a line intersecting two or more lines |
| trapezoid | a quadrilateral with exactly two parallel sides |
| tree diagram | a branching diagram showing all possible outcomes for a given situation |
| trend | a clear direction in a line graph suggesting how the data will behave in the future |
| trend line | a line drawn through a set of data points to show a trend in the data values |
| triangle | a three-sided polygon |
| unit price | a unit rate giving the cost of one item |
| variable | a quantity whose values may vary |
| Venn diagram | a diagram that uses regions to show relationships |
| vertex | on an angle, the endpoint of the rays forming the angle. On a polygon, a corner where two sides meet. On a polyhedron, a corner where edges meet |
| vertical angles | angles on opposite sides of the intersection of two lines |
| volume | the amount of space taken up by a solid (LxWxH) |
| whole number | a number in the set |
| x-axis | the horizontal line in an x-y coordinate system |
| x-coordinate | the first number in an ordered pair |
| x-y coordinate plane | a coordinate system for locating points based on two number lines, the x- and y-axes |
| y-axis | the vertical line in an x-y coordinate system |
| y-coodinate | the second number in an ordered pair |
| zero pair | a number and its opposite Example: 23 and (-23) |
Created by:
lonniewood
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