Cards made off of the study guide provided & practice exam, student made set
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | corn
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| What grain is used mainly to make bread? | show 🗑
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| Which grain is used most to make beer? | show 🗑
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| What grain is low in energy and preferred for horses? | show 🗑
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| show | milo
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| What 2 grains weigh 56 lbs per bushel? | show 🗑
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| What grain weighs 60 lbs per bushel? | show 🗑
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| What grain weighs 32 lbs per bushel? | show 🗑
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| What grain weighs 48 lbs per bushel? | show 🗑
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| show | soybean
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| show | Whole milk, dried skim milk, dried buttermilk, dried whey
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| What feed is made from the rendering industry? | show 🗑
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| show | Linseed meal (from flax)
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| show | Copra (coconut meal)
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| show | Safflower, Sunflower
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| show | Corn, milo, wheat, oats, rye, triticale, millet, rice, spelt, emmer
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| show | Corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, corn germ meal, hominy feed
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| Name 5 byproducts from making beer. | show 🗑
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| show | Distillers grains, dried distillers grains, distillers dried yeast
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| show | Corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed
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| What are the byproducts of corn by the dry milling process? | show 🗑
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| What are the primary products (not fed to animals) of both the wet and dry milling of corn? | show 🗑
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| What is the feed made from the outer covering of the wheat seed? | show 🗑
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| What is the feed made from a combination of the outer covering and other particles of the wheat seed? | show 🗑
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| show | Wheat bran, wheat middlings, wheat millrun, shorts, red dog, wheat germ
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| What is the main feed byproduct from sugar manufacture? | show 🗑
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| show | GI
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| show | mouth, prehension
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| show | mouth, mastication
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| show | mouth, swallowing
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| Esophagus | show 🗑
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| show | chemical digestion
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| Proventriculus | show 🗑
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| show | large fermentation vat, papilla
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| show | hardware stomach/honeycomb
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| Omasum | show 🗑
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| show | true stomach, acid, pepsin, mucin
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| Small intestine | show 🗑
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| Pyloric valve | show 🗑
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| duodenum | show 🗑
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| show | SI 2
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| ileum | show 🗑
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| Cecum | show 🗑
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| show | LI, storage, absorption
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| show | storage, abs water- ascending/transverse. descending colon
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| rectum | show 🗑
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| anus | show 🗑
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| show |
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| crop | show 🗑
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| show | pouch in large intestine, cecum
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| liver | show 🗑
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| show | stores bile* if had
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| bile | show 🗑
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| bile duct | show 🗑
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| pancreas | show 🗑
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| show | joins pancreas and bile duct
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| show | saliva, starts CHO digestion in mouth, E
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| bicarbonate | show 🗑
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| show | activates pepsinogen to pepsin, digests, E
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| mucin | show 🗑
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| show | stomach, coagulates milk, E
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| show | secreted by stomach, converted into pepsin, E
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| pepsin | show 🗑
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| show | stomach, digest fat, E
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| intrinsic factor | show 🗑
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| carboxypeptidase | show 🗑
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| show | pancreas, digest protein, E
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| chymotrypsin | show 🗑
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| show | digest FAT, E
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| show | digest CHO, E
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| bicarbonate | show 🗑
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| show | SI, digest polypeptides, E
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| sucrase | show 🗑
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| maltase | show 🗑
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| show | SI, digest lactose, E
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| nucleotidases | show 🗑
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| show | SI, digest nucleosides, E
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| show | pylorus into SI, acid secretion by gastric glands, H
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| gastric inhibitory polypeptide | show 🗑
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| show | duodenum, acid and peptones, stimulation of pancreatic secretions, H
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| cholecystokinin | show 🗑
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| show | jejunum, food digestion products, stimulates intestinal secretion, H
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| show | pancreas, lowers blood glucose, H
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| show | pancreas, increases blood glucose, H
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| show | Mainly in the stomach and secretions from the pancreas and liver. Gastric lipase and pancreatic lipase digest fat, while bile emulsifies it allowing for easier digestion
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| show | Enzymes are produced in the inactive form and are later activated by HCl when needed
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| How is digestion of carbohydrate different in the ruminant animal (cow) than the nonruminant? | show 🗑
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| show |
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| How do we determine the value of a feedstuff? How do we determine the value of its protein? of its energy? | show 🗑
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| What is meant by: protein digestibility, nitrogen balance, nitrogen retention, biological value, true digestibility or BV vs apparent digestibility or BV? | show 🗑
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| What losses of nitrogen occur from the body? | show 🗑
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| Why is the digestibility of nitrogen and the digestibility of protein the same thing? | show 🗑
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| show | Endogenous means it originated in the body
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| What are the 2 different energy systems? | show 🗑
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| What is TDN and how is it calculated? What is the lowest value you could have? What is the highest value you could have? how? | show 🗑
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| show | - GE: all energy in a feed
- DE: all energy in a feed minus feces
- ME: all energy in a feed minus feces, urine, and gasses
- NE: all energy in a feed minus feces, urine, gasses, and heat increment
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| show | It has a lower heat increment than carbs, making heat dispersion more efficient
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| What is the heat increment? | show 🗑
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| show | - It is due to energy, because digestible energy does not account for heat increment
- Feeds had different net energies, the reason why we do net energies (what can the animals use)
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| How could a feed be of little protein value even though its biological value is high? | show 🗑
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| show | Poor biological value
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| What does biological value depend on, or what is it indicative of (and the answer is not digestibility) | show 🗑
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| What is NPN? What are some examples? Where is it useful? | show 🗑
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| On what basis would you evaluate the protein in a feed for cattle? for hogs? Why the difference? | show 🗑
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| show | - Corn, wheat, barley, oats, milo, rye
- Low protein quantity and quality generally <20%
- High energy
- P is fair, Ca poor
- Low: A, D, B2, B12, Pantothenic acid
- Fair: Thiamine, Niacin, E
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| show | Widely available, high yield, high energy
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| show | Genetically selected strain of corn for higher protein content, researcher at purdue, little since it’s too variable in protein to be widely used, could make yellow 2 corn more protein and vitamin rich
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| show | - Tannin: protein-binding compound that makes woody plants difficult for animals (mainly birds) to digest - milo
- Ergot: a psychoactive alkaloid that can cause dry gangrene - rye
- Gossypol: toxic, can be canceled by ferrous sulfate - cottonseed
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| show | - Trypsin inhibitor: inhibits digestion - raw soybeans
- Aflatoxin: deadly mycotoxin - peanut meal
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| show | - Soybean: Hulls contain urease if not pressed, trypsin inhibitor if not heated
- Cottonseed: low protein, toxic gossypol
- Rye: ergot
- Milo: tannin, requires processing, low lysine
- Wheat: high P
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| show | - Oats: low yield
- Barley: not all lysine is available, low energy, less popular
- Peanut meal: aflatoxin
- Blood meal: use to be low quality and unpalatable
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| show | Determined by combination of test weight, level of foreign material, color, fines and kernels, moisture, level of energy, level of protein (lysine), and availability of nutrients
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| show | Little to no effect
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| show | - Deoxynivalenol: gibberella zea (feed refusal)
- Zearalenone: gibberella zea (estrogenic)
- Aflatoxin: aspergillus flavus (deadly carcinogenic)
- Flumonison: Fusarium moniliforme (kills horses)
- Ergot: claviceps purpurea (unpalatable-rye)
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| show | - Corn: dry corn milling, wet corn milling
-- Corn bran, corn germ meal, hominy / corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed
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| What are the methods of processing corn, wheat? What are the major byproducts of corn milling? wheat milling? What animals are they usually fed to and why. | show 🗑
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| What are the byproducts of the brewing industry and what are their characteristics? | show 🗑
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| show | Distillers grains (left after alc is removed from grain), distillers dried grains with solubles(alc product for gas replacement), distillers dried yeast
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| What protein supplements are good substitutes for soybean meal? | show 🗑
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| What other oilseed meals are protein supplements (other than SBM) and what are their attributes? | show 🗑
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| show | - Canola, omega, improved rapeseed
- Peanut meat, aflatoxin, soft carcass, fed to all
- Copra, variable
- Camelina, recent approved by FDA, poultry
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| show | To remove trypsin inhibitor
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| show | 44% hulled SBM, 48.5% dehulled SBM
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| show | - Tankage, varies
- Meat meal, CP, lysine
- Blood meal, CP
- Feather meal, cp
- Fish meal, cp, amino acids
- Overall: high cp, high lysine, low in sulfur amino acids and tryptophan
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| show | - Feed screenings
- Cereal waste
- Bakery waste
- Molasses
- Spent hops
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| show | - Dry: corn bran, corn germ meal
- Wet: corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed
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| Which livestock is the following usually fed to and for what purpose: corn gluten meal | show 🗑
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| show | Cows, quickly digested by ruminants
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| show | Cows, high energy and cellulose
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| show | Swine, good filler to feed and slow weight gain
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| show | Enhance egg yolk color, bird grows better, methionine
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| show | - It has carotene, so it will make a darker egg yolk
- Corn, leafy greens
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| show | Soybeans, oilseeds, waste products
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| What are oat groats? | show 🗑
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| What is ergot? What feed does it most often affect? | show 🗑
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| show | - Protein oilseed source, refined version of rapeseed
- Palatable, high omega 3 10%, omega 6 16%,
- High lysine: rapeseed, sunflower, peanut
- Low lysine: safflower
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| show | Can be toxic, NPN
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| show | - 70% energy, 50% protein
- By product of sugar production
-- Sugarcane, sugarbeets, citrus fruits, wood
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| show | Know several feeds in each category: grains, byproduct feeds (know the correct name
for some of them and know quite a few), protein supplements.
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| SOME HINTS and STUDY ADVICE: | show 🗑
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| SOME HINTS and STUDY ADVICE: | show 🗑
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| show | Look at a diagram of the ruminant stomach and get in mind the relationship of its parts.
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| SOME HINTS and STUDY ADVICE: | show 🗑
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| show | I’ll leave this statement here. How do you balance a ration for an animal?????????????? (ie know all about it) especially how to determine the amount of corn and SBM to provide a given level of protein,
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| show | pancreas
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| where does the enzyme pepsin come from in the pig or rat? | show 🗑
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| show | abomasum
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| where does most of the fermentation take place in the cow | show 🗑
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| show | cecum
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| where does particle size reduction take place in the chicken | show 🗑
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| show | omasum
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| show | abomasum
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| show | reticulum
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| what hormone lowers blood sugar by helping get glucose into cells | show 🗑
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| show | CCK
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| show | carboxypeptidase
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| show | bile
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| which hormone simulates stomach activity | show 🗑
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| show | t
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| show | f
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| show | f, VFAs
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| microbes in the rumen produce all b vitamins cattle normally need | show 🗑
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| show | t
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| microbes in the rumen convert most of the fat in the diet to saturated fatty acids | show 🗑
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| which energy fraction contains all the energy obtained when a feed sample is combusted in a paar adiabatic bomb calorimeter | show 🗑
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| which energy fraction is used for productive purposes by the animal | show 🗑
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| show | metabolizable energy
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| show | TDN
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| if 3000 g is fed, 1 g sample in calorimeter w/ 1000g water, temperature rise is 2.7 C, what is GE in kcal? | show 🗑
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| for what animals is urea fed as a npn source | show 🗑
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| an indication of the amino acid balance of a protein that can be obtained just by measuring nitrogen in feed, feces, and urine | show 🗑
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| a dangerous and toxic potential effect of feeding too much urea | show 🗑
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| proportion of nitrogen retained as a percentage of that digested | show 🗑
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| show | DIP
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| show | npn
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| show | (4 - 1.2)/4 x 100 = 70%
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| show | 4 x 2000 = 8000
1.2 x 1300 = 1560
8000-1560 = 6440
(8000-1560)/8000 x 100= 80.5 %
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| show | 600 x 1 = 600
6440 -600 = (5840/8000) x 100 = 73%
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| feed contains 2000 kcal/kg feces amount = 1.2kg feces contains 1300 kcal/kg urine amount = 600 ml urine contains 1 kcal/ml heat increment = 240 find: Net energy, kcal/kg | show 🗑
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| show | 175 - 35 = 140
140/175 = 0.8 x 100 = 80%
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| Nitrogen consumed = 175 g total fecal N = 35 g metabolic fecal N = 9g Total urinary N = 75g endogenous urinary N = 5g find: true N digestibility % | show 🗑
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| show | ((175 - 35 - 75)/ (175 - 35)) = 65/140 x 100 = 46.4%
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| show | UIP
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| show | F
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| show | amino acid pattern
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| Select all the hormones in the list that help control the digestive process. | show 🗑
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| show | absorb Vitamin B12
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| show | Carboxypeptidase and chymotrypsin
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| Food doesn't move through the pancreas; enzymes from there are secreted into the small intestine | show 🗑
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| show | rumen
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| show | pancreas
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| What is the organ called in chickens that corresponds to the stomach of the pig? | show 🗑
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| show | omasum
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| show | determine energy content
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| show | DE
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| show | It contains xanthophylls that add color to egg yolks and flesh making it appealing
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| show | corn with more LYSINE
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| show | Heat increment of fat is lower
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| show | milo
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| show | wheat
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| show | oats
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| What organism produces a toxin that has very strong feed refusal effects on pigs? | show 🗑
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| show | Aspergillus flavus
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| protein supplement feeds? | show 🗑
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| An index of energy on a carbohydrate basis | show 🗑
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| Amount of feed = 2 Kg Kcal/Kg of feed = 3000 Amount of feces = 0.75 Kg Kcal/Kg of feces = 2000 Amount of urine = 300 ml Kcal/ml of urine = 2 Heat Increment = 240 Calculate the %DE | show 🗑
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| Amount of feed = 2 Kg Kcal/Kg of feed = 3000 Amount of feces = 0.75 Kg Kcal/Kg of feces = 2000 Amount of urine = 300 ml Kcal/ml of urine = 2 Heat Increment = 240 Calculate the DE in Kcal/Kg | show 🗑
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| show | (2)(3000) - (.75)(2000) - (300)(2) divided by 2 Kg = 1950 Kcal/Kg
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| show | (2)(3000) - (.75)(2000) - (300)(2) - 240 divided by (2)(3000) times 100 = 61%
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| show | 180 - 40 - 25
--------------- x 100 = 82.1%
180 - 40
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| show | (180 - (40-11)) divided by 180 = 83.89%
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| describe the difference in carbohydrate digestion in a pig versus a cow | show 🗑
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| show | They have different heat increments.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Created by:
j.bryant18