Cards made off of the study guide provided & practice exam, student made set
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is the only grain to naturally contain carotene? | show 🗑
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| What grain is used mainly to make bread? | show 🗑
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| show | barley
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| What grain is low in energy and preferred for horses? | show 🗑
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| What grain often contains tannin? | show 🗑
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| show | corn & milo
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| show | wheat
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| What grain weighs 32 lbs per bushel? | show 🗑
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| show | barley
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| show | soybean
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| show | Whole milk, dried skim milk, dried buttermilk, dried whey
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| What feed is made from the rendering industry? | show 🗑
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| show | Linseed meal (from flax)
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| show | Copra (coconut meal)
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| What protein supplements are often used for bird feed? | show 🗑
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| Name 5 grains | show 🗑
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| Name 5 byproduct feeds from grain processing. | show 🗑
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| show | Spent hops, malt sprouts, brewers grains (wet or dry), brewers dried yeast
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| What are 3 byproducts from making whiskey? | show 🗑
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| show | Corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed
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| show | Corn bran, corn germ meal, hominy feed
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| What are the primary products (not fed to animals) of both the wet and dry milling of corn? | show 🗑
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| show | Wheat bran
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| What is the feed made from a combination of the outer covering and other particles of the wheat seed? | show 🗑
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| What are the corresponding byproduct feeds from spring and winter wheat? | show 🗑
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| show | Molasses
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| Mouth | show 🗑
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| Lips | show 🗑
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| Teeth | show 🗑
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| Tongue | show 🗑
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| Esophagus | show 🗑
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| Stomach | show 🗑
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| show | poultry true stomach
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| Rumen | show 🗑
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| Reticulum | show 🗑
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| Omasum | show 🗑
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| show | true stomach, acid, pepsin, mucin
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| Small intestine | show 🗑
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| Pyloric valve | show 🗑
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| duodenum | show 🗑
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| show | SI 2
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| show | SI 3
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| Cecum | show 🗑
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| show | LI, storage, absorption
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| show | storage, abs water- ascending/transverse. descending colon
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| rectum | show 🗑
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| show |
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| cloaca | show 🗑
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| show | bottom of esophagus, grinds feed
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| show | pouch in large intestine, cecum
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| liver | show 🗑
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| gall bladder | show 🗑
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| show | emulsifies fat
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| bile duct | show 🗑
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| show | lies along duodenum, hormones insulin and glucagon
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| pancreatic duct | show 🗑
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| show | saliva, starts CHO digestion in mouth, E
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| bicarbonate | show 🗑
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| show | activates pepsinogen to pepsin, digests, E
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| show | Lines stomach, protects from pepsin, E
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| show | stomach, coagulates milk, E
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| show | secreted by stomach, converted into pepsin, E
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| pepsin | show 🗑
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| show | stomach, digest fat, E
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| intrinsic factor | show 🗑
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| show | pancreas, digest protein, E
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| trypsin | show 🗑
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| show | pancreas, digest protein, E
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| pancreatic lipase | show 🗑
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| pancreatic amylase | show 🗑
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| bicarbonate | show 🗑
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| aminopeptidase | show 🗑
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| sucrase | show 🗑
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| show | SI, digest maltose, E
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| show | SI, digest lactose, E
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| show | SI, digest nucleotides, E
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| show | SI, digest nucleosides, E
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| gastrin | show 🗑
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| show | duodenum, jejunum, from fatty acids plus bile, inhibition of gastric secretion/motility, H
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| secretin | show 🗑
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| cholecystokinin | show 🗑
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| enterocrinin | show 🗑
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| insulin | show 🗑
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| show | pancreas, increases blood glucose, H
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| Where is fat digested, primarily, and how? What is needed to do a good job? | show 🗑
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| show | Enzymes are produced in the inactive form and are later activated by HCl when needed
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| How is digestion of carbohydrate different in the ruminant animal (cow) than the nonruminant? | show 🗑
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| How is digestion of protein different in the ruminant than the nonruminant? Be able to describe stepwise the events of protein and nonprotein nitrogen digestion and utilization in the ruminant, and explain why NPN is useless to nonruminants | show 🗑
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| How do we determine the value of a feedstuff? How do we determine the value of its protein? of its energy? | show 🗑
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| What is meant by: protein digestibility, nitrogen balance, nitrogen retention, biological value, true digestibility or BV vs apparent digestibility or BV? | show 🗑
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| What losses of nitrogen occur from the body? | show 🗑
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| show | - You get one from the other, you measure nitrogen but compute crude protein. Protein is measured from nitrogen amount, cancelation of the multiplication factor for CP
- Gonna get the same answer if you multiply all by 6.25 or just do the nitrogen values
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| show | Endogenous means it originated in the body
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| show | Caloric and TDN
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| What is TDN and how is it calculated? What is the lowest value you could have? What is the highest value you could have? how? | show 🗑
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| What is gross energy, digestible energy, metabolisable energy, net energy? What is the | show 🗑
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| show | It has a lower heat increment than carbs, making heat dispersion more efficient
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| show | Energy lost in fermentation and metabolic processes
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| How could 2 feeds have the same TDN and DE values, but be of different energy use to the animal? | show 🗑
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| show | Poor digestibility
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| show | Poor biological value
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| What does biological value depend on, or what is it indicative of (and the answer is not digestibility) | show 🗑
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| What is NPN? What are some examples? Where is it useful? | show 🗑
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| On what basis would you evaluate the protein in a feed for cattle? for hogs? Why the difference? | show 🗑
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| What are the major cereal grains? Which of them are highest in energy, next highest in energy, lowest in energy? What is their general protein content, protein quality, mineral content, vitamin content? | show 🗑
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| Why do we feed corn to livestock? | show 🗑
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| What is opaque-2 corn? Who discovered it? What impact has it had on livestock feeding? on human feeding? What other genetic changes to the endosperm have implications for livestock feeding? | show 🗑
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| What is tannin and what feed is it present in? ergot? gossypol? trypsin inhibitor? aflatoxin? | show 🗑
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| show | - Trypsin inhibitor: inhibits digestion - raw soybeans
- Aflatoxin: deadly mycotoxin - peanut meal
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| What feeding problems or toxicities are associated with: soybean? cottonseed? Rye? grain sorghum? wheat? oats? barley? peanut meal? blood meal? | show 🗑
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| What feeding problems or toxicities are associated with: soybean? cottonseed? Rye? grain sorghum? wheat? oats? barley? peanut meal? blood meal? | show 🗑
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| show | Determined by combination of test weight, level of foreign material, color, fines and kernels, moisture, level of energy, level of protein (lysine), and availability of nutrients
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| show | Little to no effect
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| show | - Deoxynivalenol: gibberella zea (feed refusal)
- Zearalenone: gibberella zea (estrogenic)
- Aflatoxin: aspergillus flavus (deadly carcinogenic)
- Flumonison: Fusarium moniliforme (kills horses)
- Ergot: claviceps purpurea (unpalatable-rye)
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| show | - Corn: dry corn milling, wet corn milling
-- Corn bran, corn germ meal, hominy / corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed
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| show | - Wheat: depends on type & food use
-- Wheat bran, wheat middlings, wheat millrun, shorts, red dog, wheat germ
- Cattle usually fed by products, palatable for them moreso
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| What are the byproducts of the brewing industry and what are their characteristics? | show 🗑
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| What are the byproducts of the distilling industry and what are their characteristics? | show 🗑
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| What protein supplements are good substitutes for soybean meal? | show 🗑
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| show | - Cottonseed meal, gossypol,
- Linseed meal, from flax, hair coat
- Sunflower meal, after oil is out
- Safflower, high in polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Rapeseed, erucic acid and myrosinase enzyme danger, cool climates
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| show | - Canola, omega, improved rapeseed
- Peanut meat, aflatoxin, soft carcass, fed to all
- Copra, variable
- Camelina, recent approved by FDA, poultry
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| show | To remove trypsin inhibitor
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| show | 44% hulled SBM, 48.5% dehulled SBM
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| What protein supplements are made from byproducts of the meat packing industry? from fish and fowl? What are their feeding values? | show 🗑
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| What other by-product feeds are used for feeding livestock? | show 🗑
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| show | - Dry: corn bran, corn germ meal
- Wet: corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed
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| show | Cows, protein can only be digested by ruminants, also very slowly
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| show | Cows, quickly digested by ruminants
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| wheat middlings, | show 🗑
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| wheat bran. | show 🗑
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| show | Enhance egg yolk color, bird grows better, methionine
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| Why is xanthophyll wanted in some poultry rations? What things are used to provide it? | show 🗑
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| show | Soybeans, oilseeds, waste products
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| What are oat groats? | show 🗑
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| What is ergot? What feed does it most often affect? | show 🗑
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| show | - Protein oilseed source, refined version of rapeseed
- Palatable, high omega 3 10%, omega 6 16%,
- High lysine: rapeseed, sunflower, peanut
- Low lysine: safflower
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| What feeding precautions would you follow regarding urea? What is urea used for as a feed? | show 🗑
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| What is the value of molasses relative to corn, in energy? in protein? What does molasses come from? | show 🗑
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| SOME HINTS and STUDY ADVICE: | show 🗑
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| SOME HINTS and STUDY ADVICE: | show 🗑
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| SOME HINTS and STUDY ADVICE: | show 🗑
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| SOME HINTS and STUDY ADVICE: | show 🗑
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| SOME HINTS and STUDY ADVICE: | show 🗑
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| SOME HINTS and STUDY ADVICE: | show 🗑
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| show | pancreas
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| show | stomach
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| show | abomasum
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| show | rumen
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| show | cecum
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| where does particle size reduction take place in the chicken | show 🗑
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| what compartment of the ruminant helps retain material in the rumen and keeps large particles from moving down the tract too soon | show 🗑
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| what compartment of the ruminant compares to the stomach of the pig | show 🗑
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| what compartment of the ruminant stomach has a honeycomb-like lining and helps in regurgitation and eructation | show 🗑
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| show | insulin
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| show | CCK
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| which enzyme from the list is from the pancreas and digests proteins | show 🗑
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| which substance emulsifies fat | show 🗑
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| show | gastrin
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| microbes in the rumen produce cellulase and can digest fiber t/f | show 🗑
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| show | f
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| show | f, VFAs
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| show | t
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| microbes in the rumen break down proteins and use products to build amino acids, including essential amino acids, to build bacterial protein | show 🗑
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| show | t
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| which energy fraction contains all the energy obtained when a feed sample is combusted in a paar adiabatic bomb calorimeter | show 🗑
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| show | net energy
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| which energy fraction is obtained by accounting for energy loss in feces, urine, and gas | show 🗑
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| which energy term is energy on a carbohydrate equivalent basis | show 🗑
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| show | 2.7 x 3000 = 8100 kcal
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| for what animals is urea fed as a npn source | show 🗑
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| an indication of the amino acid balance of a protein that can be obtained just by measuring nitrogen in feed, feces, and urine | show 🗑
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| show | ammonia
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| proportion of nitrogen retained as a percentage of that digested | show 🗑
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| the source of protein in the feed that provides for bacterial growth in the cow | show 🗑
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| a substitute for protein in the feed that provides for bacterial needs for growth | show 🗑
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| feed intake 4kg feed contains 2000 kcal/kg feces amount = 1.2kg feces contains 1300 kcal/kg urine amount = 600 ml urine contains 1 kcal/ml heat increment = 240 find: dry matter digestibility % | show 🗑
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| feed contains 2000 kcal/kg feces amount = 1.2kg feces contains 1300 kcal/kg urine amount = 600 ml urine contains 1 kcal/ml heat increment = 240 find: DE % | show 🗑
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| show | 600 x 1 = 600
6440 -600 = (5840/8000) x 100 = 73%
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| show | 5840 - 240 = (5600/4) = 1400 kcal/kg
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| show | 175 - 35 = 140
140/175 = 0.8 x 100 = 80%
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| show | (175 - (35-9)/175) = (149/175) x 100 = 85.14%
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| Nitrogen consumed = 175 g total fecal N = 35 g metabolic fecal N = 9g Total urinary N = 75g endogenous urinary N = 5g find: apparent biological value | show 🗑
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| Protein that enters the rumen is of two types, DIP and UIP. Which of the two is it more important that it have a good amino acid balance? | show 🗑
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| show | F
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| What factor has the most influence on the Biological Value of a feed? | show 🗑
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| Select all the hormones in the list that help control the digestive process. | show 🗑
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| Intrinsic factor is needed to | show 🗑
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| what enzymes are secreted from the pancreas to digest protein | show 🗑
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| show | T
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| show | rumen
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| show | pancreas
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| What is the organ called in chickens that corresponds to the stomach of the pig? | show 🗑
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| What compartment of the cow's stomach keeps feed particles from moving on too quickly until fermentation is complete or particle size is small enough? | show 🗑
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| show | determine energy content
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| show | DE
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| Corn gluten meal can be fed to chickens, pigs, dogs and other animals but what is a reason to feed it to chickens that would not apply to feeding it to pigs or dogs? | show 🗑
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| show | corn with more LYSINE
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| Why is fat used more efficiently than carbohydrate in summer when temperatures are hot? | show 🗑
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| Which grain often contains tannin which must be processed to remove, or counteracted? | show 🗑
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| show | wheat
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| show | oats
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| show | Fusarium roseum (Gibberella zeae or GIB)
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| What fungus produces a deadly, carcinogenic mycotoxin? | show 🗑
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| protein supplement feeds? | show 🗑
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| show | TDN
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| Amount of feed = 2 Kg Kcal/Kg of feed = 3000 Amount of feces = 0.75 Kg Kcal/Kg of feces = 2000 Amount of urine = 300 ml Kcal/ml of urine = 2 Heat Increment = 240 Calculate the %DE | show 🗑
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| Amount of feed = 2 Kg Kcal/Kg of feed = 3000 Amount of feces = 0.75 Kg Kcal/Kg of feces = 2000 Amount of urine = 300 ml Kcal/ml of urine = 2 Heat Increment = 240 Calculate the DE in Kcal/Kg | show 🗑
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| show | (2)(3000) - (.75)(2000) - (300)(2) divided by 2 Kg = 1950 Kcal/Kg
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| Amount of feed = 2 Kg Kcal/Kg of feed = 3000 Amount of feces = 0.75 Kg Kcal/Kg of feces = 2000 Amount of urine = 300 ml Kcal/ml of urine = 2 Heat Increment = 240 Calculate the % Net Energy | show 🗑
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| N intake 180 g N in feces 40 g Metabolic fecal N 11 g N in urine 25 g Endogenous Urinary N 6 g Calculate the % Apparent Biological Value | show 🗑
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| N intake 180 g N in feces 40 g Metabolic fecal N 11 g N in urine 25 g Endogenous Urinary N 6 g Calculate the % True Nitrogen Digestibility | show 🗑
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| describe the difference in carbohydrate digestion in a pig versus a cow | show 🗑
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| show | They have different heat increments.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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j.bryant18