PharmaceuticsLABtest
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| show | a liquid preparation with solid particles suspended in a liquid phase
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| show | oral, injection, parenteral
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| Gives stokes law, what do the variables mean? | show 🗑
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| show | decrease r = decrease particle size decrease (d1-d2) = by increasing d2, the density of the liquid increase n = the viscosity of the dispersion medium
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| Is the rate of sedimentation > for flocculated or deflocculated particles? | show 🗑
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| Do flocculated or deflocculated particles form an aggregate? | show 🗑
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| Do flocculated or deflocculated particles form a solid cake? | show 🗑
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| show | -electrolytes -clay (bentonite magma) ADDING A SUSPENDARY AGENT -change in pH
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| show | carboxymethlcellulose, methylcellulose, bentonite, ACACIA
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| When do you use the wetting technique? | show 🗑
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| What does a levigating agent do? | show 🗑
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| show | F = Vsed/Vtotal
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| show | F must be between 0 and 1
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| show | Beta = F floc/F defloc
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| What is the range for the value of the degree of flocculation (Beta)? | show 🗑
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| show | the closer Beta is to one the better
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| show | Calcium Hydroxide Solution
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| show | Mixing by applying pressure and adding the ingredient slowly..a small amount at a time
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| show | because calamine is zinc oxide with ferric oxide and this gives calamine its pink color
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| In the calamine lotion lab, which two substances needed to be levigated? | show 🗑
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| show | glycerin
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| What was used as the suspendary agent when making calamine lotion? | show 🗑
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| Why are structured vehicles/suspendary agents used when creating a suspension? | show 🗑
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| What is sulfurated potash used for in the preparation of white lotion? | show 🗑
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| show | reacts to form active ingredients
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| What is purified water used for in preparation of white lotion? | show 🗑
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| What is calamine used for in preparation of calamine lotion? | show 🗑
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| What is zinc oxide used for in preparation of calamine lotion? | show 🗑
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| What is glycerin used for in preparation of calamine lotion? | show 🗑
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| What is bentonite magma used for in preparation of calamine lotion? | show 🗑
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| show | as one of the active ingredients, the active ingredients are zinc oxide, calamine, and the lime water aka calcium hydroxide
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| show | Shake well and External use only
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| show | Shake well and External use only
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| show | An emulsion is a 2 phase system in which one liquid is dispersed in the form of small globules throughout another liquid.
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| Give the dispersed phase and the continuous phase of a o/w emulsion. | show 🗑
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| show | water is the dispersed phase and oil is the continuous phase
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| How are emulsions stabilized? | show 🗑
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| show | prevents coalescence = the merging of small the small droplets into larger droplets and becoming two separated phases PREVENTS SEPARATION OF THE OIL AND WATER
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| show | the force allowing each liquid to RESIST breaking into smaller particles = The force that allows the same particles to be attracted to each other!!!
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| show | lowers the interfacial tension...which allows them to break up into smaller particles and one liquid can be found inside of the other
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| show | The emulsifying agent would form a oil in water o/w emulsion. because the phase in which the emulsifier is more soluble becomes the external phase/continuous phase
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| show | Natural, synthetic, or finely dispersed solids
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| Describe the continental method. | show 🗑
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| In what order are the ingredients added using the continental method. | show 🗑
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| What does an HLB value measure? | show 🗑
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| What does an HLB value < 7 indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | water soluble
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| show | 9.65 bc 15(1/2) + 4.3 (1/2) HLB values are additive!!
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| show | water soluble
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| In the Mineral Oil I Emulsion lab: 1. Mineral Oil 2. Acacia 3. Syrup 4. Vanillin 5. Alcohol 6. Purified Water were all used, what was the use of each? | show 🗑
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| show | oil soluble Note: HLB = 1.8, any HLB value < 7=oil soluble
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| show | water soluble Note: HLB = 11.0, any HLB value > 7 = water soluble
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| show | Span is an oil soluble emulsifier Tween is a water soluble emulsifier Mineral oil- continues phase/external phase water-internal phase
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| What are possible uses of white lotion? | show 🗑
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| What are possible uses of calamine lotion? | show 🗑
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| show | laxatives
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| show | An emulsifier lowers the interfacial tension between two immiscible liquids
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| Describe the oriented wedge theory of emulsifiers | show 🗑
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| Describe the interfacial film theory | show 🗑
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| show | acacia, which is water soluble
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| Describe the physical differences between heavy and light oil. | show 🗑
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| show | Heavy oil is for internal use and light oil is for external use
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| show | rubbin in. An ointment is applied to the skin by inunction.
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| show | as emollients- make the skin pliable as protective barriers
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| show | both
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| Name the four classes of ointment bases recognized by USP. | show 🗑
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| Which of the 4 ointment bases can be used as an emollient? | show 🗑
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| show | -hydrocarbon -absorption
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| Define occlusive. | show 🗑
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| show | -hydrocarbon -absorption **this makes since bc they are also the greasy bases
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| show | oleaginous bases
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| What type of emulsion is formed by absorption bases? | show 🗑
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| Why are absorption bases denoted in this way? | show 🗑
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| What type of emulsion is formed by water-removable bases? | show 🗑
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| show | yes, they absorb serous discharge from skin lesions
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| show | polyethylene glycol
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| show | water-soluble bases
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| show | solid or non-aqueous substances, this is because the PEG that is in water-soluble bases will be dissolved/degraded by water
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| Define hygroscopic. | show 🗑
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| Which ointment base is hygroscopic. | show 🗑
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| show | if it is a solid or liquid
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| show | PEG with a molecular weight < 1000 is a liquid PEG with a molecular weight > 1000 is a solid
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| Which ointment bases would need an antimicrobial agent? | show 🗑
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| Name the 2 techniques used to prepare an ointment. | show 🗑
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| show | the levigating agent should be similar to the ointment base
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| show | when using an oleaginous base
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| When is glycerin a suitable levigating agent? | show 🗑
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| show | medicated
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| show | hydrocarbon base
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| Which method of preparation was used to prepare the sulfur ointment in class? | show 🗑
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| show | parasiticide, scabicide, keratolyte, emollient (soothes the skin)
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| show | sulfur
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| The following are the ingredients for sulfur ointment USP, what are the uses for each ingredient? Precipitated Sulfur Mineral Oil White petroleum | show 🗑
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| show | Bc the precipitated form of a drug has finer/smaller particles and allows for the formation of a smooth product free from grittiness. ALWAYS USE THE PRECIPITATED FORM OF A DRUG
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| Give uses of sulfur ointment USP. | show 🗑
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| Give uses of cold cream. | show 🗑
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| show | soothes the skin
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| show | Absorption base (w/o) emulsion fusion is the preparation method
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| show | the spermaceti, white wax and mineral oil are solid, solid and oil, they make the semisolid consistency of the ointment -The sodium borate combines with the free fatty acids of the spermaceti and white wax to make the emulsifying agent
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| When should a rubber spatula be used in preparing ointments? Give examples. | show 🗑
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| show | when the sodium borate combines with the waxes (spermaceti and white wax).
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| Where does spermaceti originally come from? | show 🗑
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| show | cetyl esters wax
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| What is synonym for white wax? | show 🗑
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| show | it is used to form a semisolid NOT a levigating agent
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| show | for external use only
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| What auxiliary label is used on sulfur ointment? | show 🗑
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