Ch. 7
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| The most numerous cells in the blood are the ______. | Red blood cells
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| The term that means plasma without clotting factors is ______. | serum
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| Once a tube of blood is centrifuged, the cells of the blood separate out and fill the bottom ______% of the tube. | 45%
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| Which statement is correct about the structure of erythrocytes? | Their shape promotes more rapid diffusion of gases.
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| Which of the following is NOT normally found in serum? | hemoglobin
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| serum contains | antigens antibodies hormones and electrolytes
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| The iron-containing pigment of hemoglobin is called ______. | heme
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| shape of an erythrocyte? | Biconcave disc
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| Which gas is transported to the tissues from the lung? | oxygen; endothelial cells transport nitric oxide
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| symptoms of anemia | shortness of breathe and fatigue
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| protein component of hemoglobin | globin
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| Pernicious anemia | caused by deficiency of intrinsic factor and decreased B12 absorbency.
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| aplastic anemia | This is destruction of RBCs due to viral or toxin exposure.
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| Erythrocyte functions (RBC) | Erythrocytes transport carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the lungs.
Hemoglobin can bind to oxygen and carbon dioxide in erythrocytes.
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| Iron-deficiency anemia can be caused by ______. | gastrointestinal bleeding
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| which suffix means pertaining to | -ic
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| Granules are the site for ______ and enzyme production. | chemical
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| agranulocytes | Do NOT contain cytoplasmic granules
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| ______ ingest bacteria. | Neutrophils
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| Basophils release ______ which prevents blood clotting. | heparin
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| B cells differentiate into | plasma cells
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| An increase in the total WBC count to over 10,000 per cubic millimeter is called ______. | leukocytosis
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| Neutrophils are normally about ______ of the total WBC count. | 60% (are granulocytes that ingest bacteria)
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| When the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient numbers of each type of blood cell, this condition is ______. | aplastic anemia
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| Which disorder causes a reduced number of all blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes)? | pancytopenia
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| The cells that are most directly involved in hemostasis are ______. | platelets
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| Tiny red spots produced by bleeding from capillaries are called ______, | Petechiae
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| The accumulation and adhesion of platelets that occurs prior to blood coagulation is ______. | platelet plug formation
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| In the blood, ______ are present in plasma. | antibodies
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| The two most important blood groups, based on antigens on the surface of red blood cells, are the ______. | ABO and Rh groups
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| ______ is a drug that can dissolve clots after they have formed. | streptokinase
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| Humoral defense of the body is an immune system function mediated by ______. | antibodies
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| ______ dose is monitored by activated partial thromboplastin time. | heparin
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| B lymphocytes become ______ cells that secrete antibodies upon exposure to an antigen. | plasma
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| Lymphatic vessels resemble small veins and have _____ valves. | one-way
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| Lymphocytes are produced | in blood marrow
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| Which immune system cells ingest foreign debris and pathogens? | Macrophages, which develop from monocytes
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| Which characteristic of the immune system enables it to recognize self versus non-self molecules? | discrimination
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| The spleen is a reservoir for _____. | erythrocytes, platelets
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| Which medication is taken orally to prevent clots from forming? | coumadin
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| Patches of lymphatic tissue near the opening of the oropharynx are the ______. | tonsils
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| types of immunity | cellular imm and humoral imm
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| ______ dose is monitored by activated partial thromboplastin time. | heparin
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| Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity is ______. | a direct attack against a foreign invader by immune system cells
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