AP Gov Vocab 3
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| approval ratings | the percentage of survey respondents who say that they approve or strongly approve of the way the president is doing his job
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| benchmark polling | initial poll on a candidate and issues on which campaign strategy is based and aganist which later polls are compared
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| entrance polls | public opinion surveys taken before voters cast their ballots
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| focus groups | a small group of voters chosen by a political campaign for their demographic similarities who are brought together to gauge how the group they represent feels about the candidate
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| public opinion polls | interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population
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| push polling | a polling technique in which the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion
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| random digit dialing | technique used by pollsters to place telephone calls randomly to both listed and unlisted numbers when conducting survey
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| random sample | a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
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| representative sample | group of people meant to represent the large group in question
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| sampling error(margin error) | polling error that arises based on the small size of the sample
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| sampling techniques | the method used to select people from the population
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| tracking polls | continuous surveys that enable a campaign or news organization to chart a candidate's daily rise or fall in support
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| weighting/stratification | making sure demographic groups are properly represented in a sample
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| bandwagon effect | when people join a cause because it seems popular or support a candidate who is leading in the polls
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| bradely effect | the difference between the poll result and an election result in which voters gave a socially desirable poll response rather than a true response that might be perceived as racist
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| non-response bias | bias resulting when indiviuals selected to be in a survey either cannot be contacted or refuse to answer survey questions
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| social desirability bias | the tendency for people to say what they believe is appropriate or acceptable
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| libertarian | one who believes in limited government interference in personal and economic liberties
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| moderate | person who views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
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| populist | a supporter of the rights and power of the people
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| progressive | a belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion
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| saliency | the degree to which an issue is important to a particular indiviual or group
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| valence issue | an issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions
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| wedge issues | a controversial issue that one party uses to split the voters in the other party
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| agenda | plan of action; purpose
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| majoritarian | system of policy making in which those with a numerical majority hold authority
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