AP Psych unit 1
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| Behavioral Perspective | The approach that suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study.
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| Biological Perspective | the psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior
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| biopsychosocial perspective | perspective in which behavior is seen as the result of the combined and interacting forces of biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences
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| case theory/case study | an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
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| clinical psychologist | psychologist who treats people serious psychological problems or conducts research into the causes of behavior
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| cognitive perspective | A psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior
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| confounding variable | in an experiment, a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect
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| control group | the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
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| correlation | a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things
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| correlation coefficient | a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1)
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| critical thinking | thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
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| debriefing | the post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants
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| dependent variable | The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.
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| double-blind perspective | one in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results.
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| evolutionary perspective | how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes
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| experiment | a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
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| experimental group | the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested
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| functionalism | A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish
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| hindsight bias | the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
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| humanistic psychology | A clinical viewpoint emphasizing human ability, growth, potential, and free will.
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| hypothesis | A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
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| illusory correlation | perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists
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| independent variable | variable that is manipulated
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| informed consent | An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.
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| Institutional Review Board (IRB) | committee of administrators, scientists, and community members that reviews proposals for research involving human participants
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| mean | The arithmetic average of a distribution; obtained by adding the scores and then diving by the number of scores.
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| median | the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it
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| mode | the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
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| naturalistic observation | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
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| nature-nurture issue | the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture
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