anatomy chapter 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, forms protective sheets around organs
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| show | tissue types
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| show | connective tissue membranes and epithelial membranes
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| show | cutaneous membranes, mucous membranes, and serous membranes
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| show | synovial membranes
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| show | cutaneous membrane
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| what are the two layers that make up the cutaneous membrane and what are they made up of? | show 🗑
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| show | Some mucosae secrete protective, lubricating mucus. Adapted for absorption or secretion
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| show | Epithelium type depends on site
Loose connective tissue (lamina propria)
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| show | Simple squamous epithelium
Areolar connective tissue
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| show | closed-serous membrane
open-mucous membrane
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| show | to cover the organs in the abdominal region, to cover the lungs, to cover the heart
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| show | Secrete a lubricating fluid to cushion organs moving against each other during muscle activity
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| what does the Integumentary system consist of | show 🗑
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| show | Mechanical damage (bumps and cuts), Chemical damage (acids and bases),Thermal damage (heat or cold),Ultraviolet (UV), radiation (sunlight), Microbes (bacteria), Water loss it also cushions the deeper organs
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| what system Synthesizes vitamin D? | show 🗑
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| show | dermis and epidermis
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| what does the hypodermis do | show 🗑
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| what is adipose | show 🗑
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| show | above
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| show | stratified squamous
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| is the epidermis vascular or avascular? | show 🗑
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| show | Stratum basale basale=basement its deepest
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum (thick, hairless skin only)
Stratum corneum
BSGLC-brock spits game like cake
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| show | Deepest layer of epidermis
Lies next to dermis
Wavy borderline with the dermis anchors the two together
Cells undergoing mitosis
Daughter cells are pushed upward to become the more superficial layers
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| talk about the Stratum lucidum (what does it form from, and where is it? | show 🗑
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| talk about the Stratum corneum (where is it, and what does it do) | show 🗑
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| show | melanocyte's
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| what is the color spectrum of melanin | show 🗑
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| what do epidermal dendritic cells do? | show 🗑
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| show | Associated with sensory nerve endings
Serve as touch receptors called Merkel discs
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| show | papillary
reticular
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| Papillary layer (upper dermal region) contain projections called | show 🗑
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| show | Cutaneous sensory receptors
Phagocytes
Collagen and elastic fibers
Blood vessels
Nerve supply
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| what is melanin | show 🗑
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| what is keratin | show 🗑
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| show | Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries
Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring
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| show | redness due to embarrassment, inflammation, hypertension, fever, or allergy| due to emotional stress (such as fear), anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow to an area| indicates a liver disorder| Bruises (black and blue marks
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| show | Located all over the skin except for palms and soles
Produce ____sebum_____ (oil)
Makes skin soft and moist
Prevents hair from becoming brittle
Kills bacteria
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| show | Produce sweat
Widely distributed in skin
2 types: eccrine glands apocrine glands
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| show | Produce acidic sweat
Water, salts, vitamin C, traces of metabolic waste
Function in body temperature regulation
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| what region provides blood supply to the hair bulb | show 🗑
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| show | muscle connects to the hair follicle to pull hairs upright when we are cold or frightened
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| show | Caused by fungal infection teniapetius
Itchy, red peeling skin between the toes
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| show | Caused by inflammation of hair follicles
Carbuncles are clusters of boils caused by bacteria
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| what are cold sores caused by and what does it do | show 🗑
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| show | Caused by exposure to chemicals that provoke allergic responses
Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin
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| what is impetigo | show 🗑
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| what is siriasis | show 🗑
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| show | Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation
Each area represents about 9 percent of total body surface area
The area surrounding the genitals (the perineum) represents 1 percent of body surface area
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| 1st degree burns | show 🗑
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| 2nd degree burns | show 🗑
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| show | full thickness burn
Destroys epidermis and dermis; burned area is painless
Requires skin grafts, as regeneration is not possible
Burned area is blanched (gray-white) or black
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| 4th degree burns | show 🗑
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| what is the criteria to determine if a burn is critical | show 🗑
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| what does benign mean | show 🗑
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| what does malignant mean | show 🗑
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| most common types of cancer | show 🗑
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| show | Least malignant and most common type of skin cancer
Arises from cells in stratum basale that are altered so that they can no longer make keratin
Lesions appear as shiny, dome-shaped nodules that develop a central ulcer
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| Squamous cell carcinoma | show 🗑
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| show | Most deadly of skin cancers, but accounts for only 5 percent of skin cancers
Cancer of melanocytes
Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels
Detection uses A B C D E rule for recognizing melanoma
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paigefigs