Sherpath - Methods of Calculating Dosages

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Answer

What are the 3 main methods of medication dosages?

1. Formula method 2. Ratio and proportion method 3. Dimensional analysis method

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What is the Formula method for medication dosages?

(D/H) x Q = X D = desired dose (amount of meds ordered) H = dosage supply on hand Q = refers to the quantity to be administered X = refers to the dose to be administered

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What is the Ratio and Proportion method for medication dosage?

H : V (known) = D : X (desired) H = dosage or supply on hand V = indicates the vehicle D = reflects the desired dosage X = denotes the amount to be given

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Ratio and Proportion method continued (solid oral medication)

H= 250mg, V= 1 capsule, D= 500mg, X= number to administer 250 : 1 :: 500 : x (now multiply means and extremes) 250x :: 500 x :: 2 2 capsules to be administered

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Ratio and Proportion method continued (Injectable medication)

H= 4mg, V= 1mL, D= 2mg, X= amount to administer 4 : 1 :: 2 : x (multiply means and extremes) 4x :: 2 x :: 1/5 0.5 mL administered to patient

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Ratio and Proportion method continued (Liquid Oral Medication)

H= 250mg, V= 5mL, D= 375mg, X= amount to administer 250 : 5 :: 375 : x (multiply means and extremes) 250x :: 1,875 x :: 7.5 7.5mL administered to patient

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Dimensional Analysis and Factor Labeling relies on 3 factors to calculate dosages:

1. The drug label factor is called V, the medication that the nurse must administer 2. The conversion factor lets nurses set up the equation with the conversions needed to calculate the dose 3 The drug order factor indicates the desired dose to be given

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What is the Dimensional Analysis and Factor Labeling method for medication dosage?

X = V/H (drug label) x C(H)/C(D) (conversion factor) x D/1 (drug order)

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Dimensional Analysis without using conversion factor

H= 250mg, V= 1 capsule, D= 500mg, X= number of capsules to administer X(capsules) = 1 cap / 250mg x 1/1 x 500mg/1 X(capsules) = 0.004 x 1 x 500 X = 2 2 capsules administered to patient

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Dimensional Analysis using a conversion factor (solid oral medication)

D= 0.5g, H= 250mg, V= 1 tab, C= 1000mg/1g X(tabs) = 1cap/250mg x 1000mg/1g x 0.5g/1 X(tabs) = 0.004 x 1000 x 0.5 X = 2 2 tablets to be administered

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Dimensional Analysis using a conversion factor (IV medication)

D= 750mg, H= 10g, V= 100mL, C= 1g/1000mg mL = 100mL/10g x 1g/1000mg x 750mg/1 mL = 10 x 0.001 x 750 mL = 7.5 7.5mL to be administered to the patient

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The order is for amoxicillin 1 g by mouth. Available is Amoxicillin 250 mg per 5 mL . How many mL do you give the patient?

Answer 20. H= 250mg, V= 5mL, D= 1g, C= 1000mg/1g X= 5mL/250mg x 1000mg/1g X= 0.02 x 1000 X= 20 20mL to be given to patient

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Which symbol is used to identify unknown terms in a proportion?

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