Mesopotamian
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| Drought | A LONG period of time with little to no rain which can cause food shortages.
Sentence: To combat drought in their new homeland between the rivers, Sumerians created an irrigation system of canals, levees, reservoirs, and dams to keep their crops watered.
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| Famine | Definition: A lack of food
Sentence: A famine was coming to the Zagros Mountains forcing them to down to the plans in-between the two mountains.
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| Surplus | An extra amount of a resource(s) is often used for trading.
Sentence: If a farmer has an extra amount of wheat they would trade it for other resources.
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| Barter | To trade for things people want.
Sentence: If a city-state traded food to another city-state and that city-state in return the city-state gave them gold.
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| City-state | An early walled city with its farmland and government that was like a small, independent country with its for laws, government.
Sentence: Babylon is an early city-state
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| Ziggurat | They were built as temples to honor the gods and goddesses.
Sentence: Early people in Mesopotamia would go to the ziggurats to praise their gods and goddesses.
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| Cuneiform | The first form of writing using a sharpened piece of reed, called a stylus, used on clay tablets
Over time, the use of pictographs changed into complex written language.
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| Cuneiform | Latin word means, “wedge-shaped
One of the most famous scribes was written Enheduanna
It took 12 years to master cuneiform
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| Code of Hammurabi | -Oldest set of written laws in Mesopotamia
-Authored by King Hammurabi of Babylon
- “Eye for an eye” justice
The goal of Hammurabi’s code was to protect the powerless from the power throughout Hammurabi’s new empire.
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| Judaism | -Much of the history of the ancient Hebrews is found in the Torah.
-The earliest Hebrews were shepherds who lived in Mesopotamia
-These early people created a religion called Judaism.
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| Polytheistic Religion | The belief in more than one God, like the ancient Mesopotamians and Egyptians
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| Monotheistic Religion | They believed in one God, like the ancient Hebrews
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| The Akkadians: Who was their most famous leader? | Sargon
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| The Akkadians: What were the notable achievements of this leader? | His smart military strategies:
-Formed in tight formations
-Carried shields at the front of the formation
-Behind them stood soldiers with spears
-Spears was thrust from behind the shields. Also, smart political strategies which consisted of
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| The Akkadians: What were the notable achievements of this leader | -Destroying the walls of cities to make it harder for people to
rebel because they had no defensible positions.
-Loyal governors stayed, others were replaced.
-Demanded that sons inherit the power when he died.
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| The Akkadians: What were the notable achievements of these people? | -Akkadian language gradually replaced the Sumerian language.
-They became known for their three-dimensional relief sculptures called steles or steals
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| The Akkadians: When, chronologically, were they in power? | About 2300 BCE - 2100 BCE
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| The Babylonians: Who was their most famous leader? |
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