pl150 wpr 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Wundt | made phsychology an independant field, used scientific approach
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| Hall | America's first psych research lab, psych journal, founded the APA
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| Titchener | structuralism, analyse structure of consciousness
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| Jame | functionalism, analyse function of consciousness, using darwinist approach
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| calkin | first female apa pres
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| washburn | wrote "the animal mind" first female psych phd
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| hollingworth | studied children psychology, studied women, proved them equal
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| Watson | behaviorism, only study observable behavior. Nurture, not nature
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| Skinner | most hardcore on nature instead of nurture--people repeat actions with positive outcomes. No free will.
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| Humanism | attacked freud and behaviorism. Focused on free will, growth, optimistic view of human nature.
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| cognitive psychology | returns to studying unobservable thoughts in peoples' minds
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| biological psychology | focuses on studying peoples brains and the chemical and electrical processes within them.
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| Evolutionary psychology | focuses on adaptive nature of behaviors, takes natural selection into account.
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| Seven unifying themes of psychology | Psychology is empirical; Psychology is theoretically diverse; It evolves in sociohistorical context; Behavior is determined by multiple causes; behavior is shaped by cultural heritage; heredity and environment influence behavior; experience is subjective
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| Application | practical value of scientific knowledge
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| operational definition | defines a variable very specifically so it can be used correctly
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| Extraneous variables | influential variables other than the dependant variable
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| descriptive/correlational research | not an experiment
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| naturalistic observation | just observe
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| case study | observe one thing in detail
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| APA guidelines for research | voluntary participation; can't endanger subjects; tell decieved people asap; right to privacy; justify harming animals; get approval from host institution.
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| descriptive statistics | mean, median, mode
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| correlation coefficient | measure of how related two variables are. 1 or -1 is strongest. 0 is weakest
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| sampling bias | sample is not representative
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| placebo effect | expectations create results
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| social desirability bias | say socially acceptable answers
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| response set | people who respond are not representative
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| experimenter bias | when the experimenter makes something happen.
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| inferential statistics | statistics that describe how good the data is.
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| statistical significance | the possibility that the correlation is due to chance (p-value)
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| Wundt | made phsychology an independant field, used scientific approach
🗑
|
||||
| Hall | America's first psych research lab, psych journal, founded the APA
🗑
|
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| Titchener | structuralism, analyse structure of consciousness
🗑
|
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| Jame | functionalism, analyse function of consciousness, using darwinist approach
🗑
|
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| calkin | first female apa pres
🗑
|
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| washburn | wrote "the animal mind" first female psych phd
🗑
|
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| hollingworth | studied children psychology, studied women, proved them equal
🗑
|
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| Watson | behaviorism, only study observable behavior. Nurture, not nature
🗑
|
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| Skinner | most hardcore on nature instead of nurture--people repeat actions with positive outcomes. No free will.
🗑
|
||||
| Humanism | attacked freud and behaviorism. Focused on free will, growth, optimistic view of human nature.
🗑
|
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| cognitive psychology | returns to studying unobservable thoughts in peoples' minds
🗑
|
||||
| biological psychology | focuses on studying peoples brains and the chemical and electrical processes within them.
🗑
|
||||
| Evolutionary psychology | focuses on adaptive nature of behaviors, takes natural selection into account.
🗑
|
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| Seven unifying themes of psychology | Psychology is empirical; Psychology is theoretically diverse; It evolves in sociohistorical context; Behavior is determined by multiple causes; behavior is shaped by cultural heritage; heredity and environment influence behavior; experience is subjective
🗑
|
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| Application | practical value of scientific knowledge
🗑
|
||||
| operational definition | defines a variable very specifically so it can be used correctly
🗑
|
||||
| Extraneous variables | influential variables other than the dependant variable
🗑
|
||||
| descriptive/correlational research | not an experiment
🗑
|
||||
| naturalistic observation | just observe
🗑
|
||||
| case study | observe one thing in detail
🗑
|
||||
| APA guidelines for research | voluntary participation; can't endanger subjects; tell decieved people asap; right to privacy; justify harming animals; get approval from host institution.
🗑
|
||||
| descriptive statistics | mean, median, mode
🗑
|
||||
| correlation coefficient | measure of how related two variables are. 1 or -1 is strongest. 0 is weakest
🗑
|
||||
| sampling bias | sample is not representative
🗑
|
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| placebo effect | expectations create results
🗑
|
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| social desirability bias | say socially acceptable answers
🗑
|
||||
| response set | people who respond are not representative
🗑
|
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| experimenter bias | when the experimenter makes something happen.
🗑
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| inferential statistics | statistics that describe how good the data is.
🗑
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| statistical significance | the possibility that the correlation is due to chance (p-value)
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| null hypothesis | the assumption that there is no relationship between the variables.
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| neuronal transmission | neuron is negatively charged. stimulated, it lets in NA+, becomes positive, stimulates the next one.
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| somatic nervous system | connects to voluntary skeletal muscles
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| autonomic nervous system | hear, blood vessels, smooth muscles, glands. Sympathetic=fight or flight; parasympathetic=homeostasis.
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| Hindbrain | circulation, breathing, reflexes, balance--cerebellum.
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| Midbrain | senses, voluntary movements
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| Forebrain | thalamus--biological drives; limbic system--emotion; hippocampus--memory; cerebrum--complex thought.
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| four lobes of cerebral cortex | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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| endocrine system | hypothalamus, stimulated by pituitary, secrets hormones into bloodstream
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| four possible outcomes in signal detection theory | hit, miss, false alarm, correct rejection
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| criterion | how sure you have to be to call a hit
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| noise | background activity
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| detectibility | probability of detection
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| hearing | pinna=outer ear->middle ear=small, vibrating bone->inner ear=cochlea=fluid filled coil w/ receptors that transmit to brain
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| transduction | changing physical energy into electric neural signals
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| tastes | sweet, sour, bitter, salty
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| thalamus | all senses go through this and on to their cortexes except for smell
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| feelings | pressure, warmth, cold, and pain
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| purity (color) | saturation
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| rods | outnumber cones, see at night
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| cones | fewer, see color
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| perceptual set | predisposition to see what you expect or want
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| inattentional blindness | you don't see what you're not focused on
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| feature analysis | takes the basic parts of what you're seeing and puts them into an advanced form.
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| subjective contours | "writes" things into your vision so you see what you expect.
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| retinal disparity | we see different images in right and left retinas--binocular depth cue
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| convergence | feel our eyes converging on closer things--binocular depth cue
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| monocular depth cues (THRILL) | Texture gradient; Height in plane; relative size; interposition; linear perspective; light and shadow;
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| size constancy | the ability to determine the true size of something despite its vision field
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| shape constancy | the ability to percieve the true shape of something despite angles we're looking at it from.
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