sensation and perception
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| Sensation | the process of bringing new things in (5 senses)
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| Energy | sounds waves, heat waves, light and pressure
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| accessory structures | actual senses (ears, eyes)
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| transduction | converting outside energy into brain activity
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| absolute threshold | the smallest amount that you can detect
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| response bias | the understanding that we might not operate at full capacity
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| signal detection theory | picking specific senses to use
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| Weber's law | the law of how much we can detect. Small differences are easier to detect with lighter weight
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| Vision | Light waves
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| Light intensity | brightness
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| light wavelength | colors
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| saturation | darkness
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| hue | shade
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| rods | detect rays of light
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| cones | color. tri-chromatic theory(red, green, blue)
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| Parts of the eye | cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina
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| cornea | curved outer protection portion (sensitive)
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| pupil | opening where light can enter, black circle in eye
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| iris | colored part of the eye. muscle that controls the pupil
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| lens | focus and zooms in like a camera. back of eye
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| retina | back inner part of eye, rods and cones
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| ocular accommodation | eyes can work together to give different images
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| pathway of visual information | goes through parts to the optic nerve then to the thalamus
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| Hearing | the passing of vibrations
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| Timbre | pitch and loudness
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| parts of ear | pinna, middle ear, inner ear
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| pinna | ear on side of head
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| middle ear | tympanic membrane(ear drum)
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| ear drum | hammer, anvil, and stirrup
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| inner ear | cochlea
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| acoustic nerve | takes info to the thalymus
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| deafness (congenital) | born with structural problems
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| conductive hearing loss | gradual damage to muscles
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| chemical senses | taste and smell
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| taste perception | chemicals react with taste buds
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| olfactory | smell
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| pheromones | animal world, smells can cause behaivors
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| papillae | taste buds (sweet, sour, bitter, and salty)
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| skin | largest organ
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| cutaneous senses | touch, temperature, and pain
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| pain pathway | skin to spinal cord then to thalymus
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| gate control theory | can block pain messages for short periods of time
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| analgesia | brain can send numbing messages
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| endorphins | pain managing
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| kinesthetic perception | where body parts are in relation to others
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| sense of equilibrium/vestibular sense | position of head, prevents dizziness
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| perception | making meaning out of stuff we detect
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| bottom-up processing | little kids, rely on 5 senses and builds up
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| top-down processing | filing cabinet, perception based on what we already know
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| gestalt | ability to see the big picture
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