Methods: brain
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| What was the notorious case study of brain injuries? | In 1848, 25-year-old railway worker Phineas Gage had a rod shoot through his left cheek and out the top of his skull. His personality changed from polite to loud and moody.
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| What is EEG? | Electroencephalograph uses electrodes fastened to scalp to detect and amplify electrical activity in the brain.
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| Why is EEG used in medical science? | To study different states of consciousness, and patterns determining epilepsy or tumours.
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| What is CAT? | Computed Axial Tomography. A static imaging (x-ray) which scans the brain @ different angles, where info depicts cross-sectional images of the brain.
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| Why is CAT used in medical science? | Aids in detecting tumours, strokes, etc. Also used in research to detect abnormalities of the brain.
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| What is MRI? | Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Static images are produced when there is a strong magnetic field, where the computer produces 3D images from which 2D images can be displayed.
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| Why is MRI used in medical science? | Used in detection of tumours & other abnormalities. Cannot be used when patient has metal on them (e.g., pacemakers).
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| What is fMRI? | Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Colour, dynamic images of the brain structure, activity & function. Measures brain activity when neurons consume oxygen. Higher levels of oxygen indicate higher level of activity.
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| Why is fMRI used in medical science? | Enables observation and measurement of changes in brain during activity. Non-invasive, and does not expose patient to radioactive tracers. Less expensive than PET scans.
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| What is PET? | Positron Emission Tomography. Dynamic imaging produces colour images of brain structure, activity & function. Records glucose consumption, where higher levels are represented in different colours.
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| Why is PET used in medical science? | Shows problems in brain, not health level. This is used in research to show specific brain areas activated during activities such as reading, speaking and thinking. Images are not as detailed as fMRI and are more expensive.
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