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Chapter 4 Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
show An area of spatial change where the peripheries of two adjacent realms or regions join; marked by a gradual shift in the characteristics that distinguish these neighboring geographic entities from one another.  
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show A form of spatial analysis that integrates computer hardware, mapping software, and such specialized tools as models and algorithms. A versatile technique that is constantly being expanded in its applications  
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Digital elevation model   show
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Land hemisphere   show
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show An independent political entity consisting of a single city with an immediate hinterland.  
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show A hallmark of Europe’s economic geography that later spread to many other parts of the world, whereby particular people in particular places concentrate on the production of particular goods and services.  
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show The term applied to the social and economic changes in agriculture, commerce, and especially manufacturing and urbanization that resulted from technological innovations and greater specialization in late-eighteenth-century Europe.  
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Sovereignty   show
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show A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity. A political unit wherein the territorial state coincides with the area settled by a certain national group or people.  
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Nation   show
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show The major world language family that dominates the European geographic realm. This language family is also the most widely dispersed globally, and about half of humankind speaks one of its languages.  
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show Exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other’s demands.  
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Transferability   show
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show The downtown heart of a central city; marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings.  
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show A term employed to designate forces that tend to divide a country—such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences.  
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show Forces that unite and bind a country together—such as a strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith.  
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show A venture involving three or more states—political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives.  
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Euro zone   show
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show The territory constituted by most of Europe’s countries within which people are free to cross international boundaries without formal border checks.  
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show Rhône-Alpes (France), Baden-Württemberg (Germany), Catalonia (Spain), and Lombardy (Italy). Each is a high-technology-driven region marked by exceptional industrial vitality and economic success not only within Europe but on the global scene as well.  
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show The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.  
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show Legally protected residency status; usually granted by a host country to immigrants fleeing political oppression in their former homeland.  
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show A sovereign state that contains a minuscule land area and population. They do not have the attributes of “complete” states, but are on the map as tiny yet independent entities nonetheless.  
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Urban system   show
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show A country’s largest city—ranking atop its urban hierarchy—most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not in every case) the capital city as well.  
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Site   show
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Situation   show
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Estuary   show
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Conurbation   show
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Landlocked location   show
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show A large city with particularly significant international (economic) linkages that also has a high ranking in the global urban system. Leading world-cities include London, New York, Tokyo, Shanghai, Singapore, and Paris.  
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show Urban agglomeration consisting of a (central) city and its suburban ring.  
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show A location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another. In a port, the cargoes of oceangoing ships are unloaded and put on trains, trucks, or perhaps smaller river boats for inland distribution. An entrepôt.  
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show A place, usually a port city, where goods are imported, stored, and transshipped; a break-of-bulk point.  
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Shatter belt   show
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show The fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile political units.  
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show A policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a state aimed at a community of its nationals living in a neighboring state.  
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Exclave   show
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