Savanna Williams Chemistry Semester Exam
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| Study of the composition and structure of materials and the changes that materials undergo best describes the science of... | chemistry.
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| The branch of chemistry concerned with properties, changes, and relationships between energy and matter is... | physical chemistry.
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| Chemical properties... | include changes that alter the identity of a substance.
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| A physical change occurs when a... | glue gun melts a glue stick.
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| Physical means can be used to seperate... | mixtures.
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| The most useful source of chemical inforemation about the elements is a... | periodic table.
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| The elements that border the zigzag line in the periodic table are... | metalloids.
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| Applied research is... | carried out to solve a problem.
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| The state of matter in which a material has definte shape and definite volume is the... | solid state.
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| Quantitive observations are recorded using... | numerical information.
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| A testable statement used for mking predictions and carrying out further experiments is a... | hypothesis.
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| The symbol for the metric unit used to measure mass is... | grams (g).
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| A change is the force of Earth's gravity on an object will affect its... | weight.
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| Poor precision in scientific measurement may arise from... | both human error and the limitations of the measuring instrument.
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| The number of significant figures in the measuremnt 0.000 305 kg is... | three.
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| The number of significant fidures in the measurement 210 cm is... | two.
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| Three samples of 0.12 g, 1.8 g, 0.562 g are mixed together. The combined mass of all three samples, exrressed to the correct number of significant digits, shoudl be recorded as... | 2.5 g.
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| Expressed in scientific notation, 0.0930 m is... | 9.30 X 10^-2.
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| The graph of a direct proportion is a(n)... | straight line.
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| Who was the schoolmaster who studied chemistry and proposed an atomic theory? | John Dalton
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| Rutherford's experiments led to the discovery of the... | nucleus.
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| The discovery of the electron resulted from experiments using... | cathode rays.
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| What is the atomic number for Aluminum? | 13.
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| What does the 218 in Polonium-218 represent? | the mass number.
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| What has the greatest penetrating ability? | gamma rays.
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| What process always decreases the number of protons by an even number? | alpha decay.
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| Reactions that affect the nucleus of an atom are called... | nuclear reactions.
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| What unit measures radiation damage to human tissue? | rem.
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| What are often used to moniter the approximate radiation exposure of people working with radioactive materials? | film badges.
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| The distance between two sucessive peaks on a wave is its... | wavelength.
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| How many quantum numbers are needed to describe energy state of an electron in an atom? | four.
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| The atomic sublevel with the next highest enegry after 4p is... | 5s.
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| A quantum of electonmagnetic energy is caled a(n)... | photon.
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| For electronmagnetic radiation, c (the speed of light) equals... | frequency times wavelength.
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| One of the wave properties of electronmagnetic radiation, such as light, is... | frequency.
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| As it travels through space, electronmagnetic radiation... | exhibits wavelike behavior.
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| The spin quantum number of an electron can be thought of as descrbing... | the direction of electron spin.
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| How many electrons can occupy the s orbitals at each energy level? | two, if they have opposite spins.
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| a three dimensional region around a nucleus where an electron may be found is called a(n)... | orbital.
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| Mendeleev noticed that properties of elements usaullt repaeted at regular intervals when the elements were arranged in order of increasing... | atomic mass.
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| To which group do lithium and potassium belong? | alkali metals.
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| Argon, krypton, and xenon are... | noble gases.
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| A horizontal row of block in the periodic table is called a(n)... | period.
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| In Period 3 there are eight elements. What sublevel(s) is (are) being filled? | s and p.
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| Elements in which the d-sublevel is being filled have th properties of... | metals.
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| A postive ion is known as a(n)... | cation.
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| The energy required to remove an electron from an atom ... as you move left to right from potassium through iron. | generally increases.
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| What is the oxidation number of sulfur? | -2.
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| The electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared when atoms frorm molecules are called... | valence electrons.
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| A mutual electrical attraction between nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together is called a(n)... | chemical nond.
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| When atoms share electrons, the electrical attraction of an atom from the electrons is called the atom's... | electronegativity.
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| Most chemical bonds are... | partly ionic and partly covalent.
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| In many compounds, atoms of main-group elements form bonds so that the number of electrons in the outermost energy levels of each atom is... | eight.
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| An octect is equal to... | eight.
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| The elements of the ... group satisfy the octet rule without forming compunds. | noble gas.
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| Compared with ionic compounds and molecular compounds... | have lower melting points.
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| The elctron-sea model of bonding represnets... | metallic bonding.
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| Malleability and ductility are characteristics of substances with... | metallic bonds.
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| A covalent bond results when ... are shared. | electrons.
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| A ... shows the types and numbers of atoms joined in a single moecule of a molecular compound. | molecular formula.
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