Exam Study Guide
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| `Study of the composition and structure of materials and the changes that materials undergo best describes the science of | Chemistry
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| A physical Property may be invested by | melting ice
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| Technology is the | analysis ochemical behavior
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| Elememts in a group in the periodic table can be expected to have similar | properties
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| The elements that border the zigzag line in the periodic table are | metalloids
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| Two features that that distiguish matter are | mass and volume
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| The particles in solids are | packed closely together
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| The state of matter in hich a material has a def. shape and def. volume | solid state
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| The most useful source of chemical information about the elememts | periodic table
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| The branch of chemistry that is concerned with the identification and composition of materials is | analytical chemistry
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| *Quantitative observations are recorded using | numerical info.
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| Qualitative observations are recorded using | non-numerical information
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| The SI units for length and mass are | meter and kilogram
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| The symbol for the metric unit to maesure mass is | g
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| a change in Earth's gravity on an object will sffect its | weight
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| To determine density, he qualities that must be measured are | volume and mass
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| Poor precision in scientific measurement may arise from | both human error and the limitations of the measuring indtrument
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| The number of sig figs in the measurement 0.000 305 kg is | 3
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| what would be the most appropriate SI unit for expressing the mass of a single brick | Kilograms
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| Why should scientists record all observations, even those that appear insignificant | They should b/c later on another scientist could use their observations for another research or something
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| * Rutherfords experiments led to the discovery of the | nucleus
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| organic chemistry is the study of | carbon containing compounds
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| What is the atomic number for aluminum | 13
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| Sulphur-34 contains | 18 neutrons
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| Gamma rays are | electromagnetic wave
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| what unit messures radiation | roentgen
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| what scientist discovered electrons | J.J Thompson
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| what are often used to monitor the approx. radiation exposure of people working with radioactive materials | film badges
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| What is the atomic number for Tungsten | 74
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| isotopes of an element contain different numbers of | neutrons
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| * The distance between two successive peaks on a wave is its | wavelength
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| In SI, the frequency of electromagnetic radiation is measured in | hertz
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| A quantum of electromagnetic energy is called an | photon
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| a 3-dementional region around a nucleus where an atom may be found is called an | orbital
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| How many quantum #'s are needed to describe the energy state of an electron in an atom | 4
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| The number of orbitals for the d sublevel is | 5
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| For the f sublevel, the number of orbitals is | 7
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| What is the total number of electronsd neeeded to filolo the first 2 main energy levels | 10
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| The atomic sublevel with the next highest energy level after 4p is | 5s
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| The main energy level that can hold only 2 eletrons is the | first
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| *Mendeleev is credited with developing the first successful | periodic table
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| To which group does lithium and potassium belong to | alkali metals
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| elelments to the right side of the periodic table(p-block elements) have properties most associated with | metals
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| The energy required to move an electron from an atom is the atoms | ionization energy
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| A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons is called | electronegativity
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| The element that has the greatest electronegativity is | Fluorine
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| 1/2 the distance between the nuclei of identical atomsd that are bonded together are called | atomic radius
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| A positive ion is known as a | cation
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| The number a valence electrons in Group 2 elements is | 2
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| within a group of elements, as the atomic number increases, the atomic radius | increases
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| *A mutual electrical attraction btween the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds atoms together is called | chemical bond
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| Atoms are ----- when they are combined | more stable
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| Most chemical bonds are | partly ionic and partly covalent
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| A covalent bond results when---are shared | electrons
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| An octet is = to? | 8
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| The elements of the---- group satisfy the octet rule w/out forming compounds | noble gas
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| TO draw a lewis structure, one must know the | number of valence electrons in each atom
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| How many double bonds are in the lewis structure for hydrogen fluoride, HF | one
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| Malleability are ductility are characteristics of substances with | metallic bonds
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| A chemical bond resulting from the electrostatic attraction b/t positive and negative ions is called an | ionic bond
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