Grammar Rules 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| In a negative statement with one verb, the indirect object pronoun comes between the negative word and the conjugated verb. Él no me compra nada. He doesn’t buy me anything. He doesn’t buy anything for me. | show 🗑
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| Compare the affirmative statements with their negative counterparts. Él me compra algo. Él no me compra nada. | show 🗑
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| Remember, don’t translate word-for-word. Instead, think in terms of phrases, or concepts. “Ellos no nos compran ningún regalo” contains 3 concepts: | show 🗑
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| show | no me compra
he doesn’t buy (for) me
no me compras
you don’t buy (for) me
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| Remember, the IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because they are ambiguous. That is, they can stand for different things. | show 🗑
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| The following sentences, while grammatically correct, are ambiguous: Ella no le escribe una carta. Ella no les escribe una carta. Out of context, there is no way we can know the meaning. | show 🗑
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| show | Ella no le escribe a Juan una carta.
Ella no le escribe a su hermana una carta.
Ella no le escribe a usted una carta.
Ella no les escribe a sus padres una carta.
Ella no les escribe a ustedes una carta.
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| show | Juan no me da a mí el dinero.
John doesn’t give me the money.
(emphasizing that the money is not given to me but rather to someone else)
Juan no te da a ti el dinero.
John doesn’t give you the money. (emphasis on you)
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| There is no ambiguity in the following sentence. It can only mean one thing. Juan no me da el dinero. John doesn’t give me the money. | show 🗑
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| show | IO pronouns: me, te, le, nos, os, les.
In a negative sentence, place the pronoun between the negative word and the conjugated verb.
Think in phrases
Le and les are ambiguous.
Prepositional phrases are often used for clarity and for emphasis.
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| show | Juan nos compra un regalo.
John buys us a gift.
John buys a gift for us.
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| show | preferir
to prefer
hablar
to speak
Elena prefiere hablar español.
Elena prefers to speak Spanish.
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| In sentences with two verbs, there are two options regarding the placement of the indirect object pronoun. Place it immediately before the conjugated verb Attach it directly to the infinitive Here are examples: | show 🗑
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| Here are examples of the indirect object pronoun attached directly to the infinitive: Necesitas darme un regalo. You need to give me a gift. | show 🗑
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| show | Te necesito comprar un sombrero.
Necesito comprarte un sombrero.
Juan nos debe prestar el dinero.
Juan debe prestarnos el dinero.
María le quiere alquilar a Juan el apartamento.
María quiere alquilarle a Juan el apartamento.
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| When reading or hearing sentences like these, you must learn to recognize whole groups of words, rather than inspecting each word independently. Me necesitas dar un regalo. Me necesitas dar = You need to give me Necesitas darme un regalo. | show 🗑
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| show | If you can do that, it is just one small step to recognize “te necesito comprar” as “I need to buy for you.” From there, the final step is easy: “Te necesito comprar un regalo.”
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