key terms for radiology
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| ALARA | As Low As Reasonably Achievable, a program in place by the National Committee of Radiation Protection to ensure radiation exposure is low.
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| Annular Array | Arranges the crystals in concentrating rings by using electricity
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| Anechoic | Used to describe tissues that transmits all the sound through to deeper tissues reflecting none of the sound back to the transducer
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| Anode | contains a rotating tungsten target wherein x-rays are generated at focal spot
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| Bucky | puts the grid in motion as the x-rays are generated blurring the white grid lines on the radiograph
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| Cathode | contains a tungsten filament at which the electrons are generated when heated
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| Collimators | A device on an x-ray machine used to restrict the x-ray beam to reduce scatter
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| Contrast | Defined as the differences in radiographic density between adjacent areas on a radiographic image
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| Direct Exposure Film | More sensitive to direct x-rays than to light
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| Distance Enhancement | occurs when the sound beam transverses a cystic structure
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| Echoic | Most of the sound is is reflected back to the transducer
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| Film Latitude | Inherents the ability to produce shades of gray
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| Film-Focal Distance | Distance between the source of the x-ray and the film
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| Fluoroscopy | Used for those patients for whom the visualization of dynamic structures
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| Focused Grids | the lead stripes placed at progressively increasing angles to match the divergence of the x-ray beam
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| Heel Effect | the result of unequal distribution of the x-ray beam intensity emitted from the x-ray tube along the cahtode-anode axis
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| Hyperchoic | A structure in an ultrasound image that appears bright or white compared with adjacent structures
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| Hypoechoic | Used to describe tissues that reflect reflect less sound back to the transducer than surrounding tissues
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| Intensifying Screens | plates in the x-ray cassette composed of phosphorescent crystals that function to emit light
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| Isoechoic | Used to describe tissue that appears to have the same echotexture on the screen as surrounding tissues
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| Kilovoltage Peak (kVp) | the maximum voltage applied across an x-ray tube that determines the energy of the electrons produced
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| Latent Image | The invisible image emulsion of an x-ray film produced after the film has been exposed to light
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| Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD) | A quality factor figured in to determine the dose
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| Milliamperage (mA) | exposure time in seconds, controls the number of electrons in the electron cloud generated at the filament of the cathode.
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| Mirror Image | Creates the illusion of the liver on the thoracic side of the diaphragm or the appearance of a second heart beyond the lung interface
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| Object Film Distance (OFD) | The distance from the object being imaged to the recording surface
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| Penumbra effect | Causes a loss of detail and results in collimeter
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| Radiographic Density | The degree of blackness on a radiograph
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| Radiolucent | Air or lung tissue will appear black (radiolucent) because it allows more of the radiation to pass through.
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| Radiopaque | With increasing density, the tissue will appear whiter (radiopaque) as it absorbs more of the radiation
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| Rem | Units used to express the dose equivalent that results from exposue to ionizing radiation
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| Sievert (SV) | the current terminology used to define a rem
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| Slice Thickness | Occurs when the transducer receives echoes with different amplitudes from the same area at the same depth
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| Sonolucent | Most of the sound is transmitted to the deeper tissues, with only a few echoes reflected back to the transducer
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| Source Image Distance (SID) | The distance from the target to the recording surface
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| Ultrasonography | A noninvasive method of imaging soft tissues
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